---
title: As Jack had to leave the castle behind, he had to take to his own ho… — English Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: As Jack had to leave the castle behind, he had to take to his own horse, which he left there when he first started. Who acts: Jack, own horse. A sentence of «English Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Jack and His Golden Snuff-box, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# English Fairy Tales, Jack and His Golden Snuff-box, sentence 113

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As Jack had to leave the castle behind, he had to take to his own horse, which he left there when he first started.

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**Who acts:** Jack, own horse · **What happens:** have, leave, take, start · **To what, where:** castle

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This is a sentence of «English Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Jack and His Golden Snuff-box. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Jack, own horse), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg7439:20:113
# text = As Jack had to leave the castle behind, he had to take to his own horse, which he left there when he first started.
1	As	as	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	Jack	Jack	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	advcl	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	leave	leave	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	castle	castle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	behind	behind	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
10	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	xcomp	_	_
14	to	to	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
16	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
19	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	21	nsubj	_	_
20	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
21	left	leave	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	acl:relcl	_	_
22	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	21	advmod	_	_
23	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	26	advmod	_	_
24	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	_
25	first	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	26	advmod	_	_
26	started	start	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | Jack |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **leave** | to-infinitive | Jack *not said here* | the castle |  |  |  | behind *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent castle=Theme |
| 3 | **have** | past | Jack |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **take** | to-infinitive | Jack *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to Jack's own horse *result* | vn convert-26.6.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Patient to horse=Result |
| 5 | **leave** | past | Jack's own horse |  |  | there |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **start** | past | Jack |  |  |  |  | first *property* | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «English Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Project Gutenberg book 7439 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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