---
title: These were rough arches made of a transparent rock, incrusted with s… — English Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: These were rough arches made of a transparent rock, incrusted with sheepsilver and rock spar, and other bright stones. Who acts: These. A sentence of «English Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Childe Rowland, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# English Fairy Tales, Childe Rowland, sentence 45

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These were rough arches made of a transparent rock, incrusted with sheepsilver and rock spar, and other bright stones.

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**Who acts:** These · **What happens:** be, make, incrust · **To what, where:** rough arches, transparent rock

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This is a sentence of «English Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Childe Rowland. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (These), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg7439:24:45
# text = These were rough arches made of a transparent rock, incrusted with sheepsilver and rock spar, and other bright stones.
1	These	this	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	4	nsubj	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	rough	rough	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	arches	arch	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
5	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	transparent	transparent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	incrusted	incrust	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	acl	_	_
12	with	with	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	sheepsilver	sheepsilver	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	spar	spar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
19	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
20	bright	bright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	stones	stone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | These | rough arches and other bright stones |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | participle |  | rough arches and other bright stones *not said here* |  |  |  | of a transparent rock | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 3 | **incrust** | participle |  | a transparent rock *not said here* |  |  |  | with sheepsilver and rock spar | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «English Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Project Gutenberg book 7439 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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