---
title: The lad not being able to answer one of these questions, the Red Ett… — English Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: The lad not being able to answer one of these questions, the Red Ettin took a mallet and knocked him on the head, and turned him into a pillar of stone. Who acts: lad. A sentence of «English Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, The Red Ettin, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# English Fairy Tales, The Red Ettin, sentence 32

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The lad not being able to answer one of these questions, the Red Ettin took a mallet and knocked him on the head, and turned him into a pillar of stone.

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**Who acts:** lad · **What happens:** not be, answer, take, knock, turn · **To what, where:** one, mallet, Ettin, head, pillar

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This is a sentence of «English Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, The Red Ettin. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (lad), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg7439:26:32
# text = The lad not being able to answer one of these questions, the Red Ettin took a mallet and knocked him on the head, and turned him into a pillar of stone.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lad	lad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
4	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	cop	_	_
5	able	able	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	acl	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	answer	answer	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
8	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	obj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	11	det	_	_
11	questions	question	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	Red	Red	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	flat	_	_
15	Ettin	Ettin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
16	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	mallet	mallet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	knocked	knock	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	conj	_	_
21	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	obj	_	_
22	on	on	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
27	turned	turn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	conj	_	_
28	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	obj	_	_
29	into	into	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	pillar	pillar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	_
32	of	of	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
33	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **is** | gerund | the lad *not said here* |  |  |  |  | able *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **answer** *speech: assert* | to-infinitive | the lad *not said here* | one of this questions |  |  |  |  | vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent one=Eventuality |
| 3 | **take** | past | the lad | a mallet |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mallet=Theme |
| 4 | **knock** | past | the lad *not said here* | Ettin |  | the head |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent he=Theme on head=Destination |
| 5 | **turn** | past | the lad *not said here* | Ettin |  | a pillar of stone |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent he=Theme into pillar=Trajectory |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «English Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Project Gutenberg book 7439 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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