---
title: A raven, which was flying over, picked him up, and flew with him ove… — English Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: A raven, which was flying over, picked him up, and flew with him over the sea, and there dropped him. Who acts: raven. A sentence of «English Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, The History of Tom Thumb, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# English Fairy Tales, The History of Tom Thumb, sentence 35

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A raven, which was flying over, picked him up, and flew with him over the sea, and there dropped him.

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**Who acts:** raven · **What happens:** fly over, pick up, fly, drop · **To what, where:** Tom, sea

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This is a sentence of «English Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, The History of Tom Thumb. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (raven), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg7439:28:35
# text = A raven, which was flying over, picked him up, and flew with him over the sea, and there dropped him.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	raven	raven	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
4	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	flying	fly	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	acl	_	_
7	over	over	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
9	picked	pick	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	_
11	up	up	ADP	RP	_	9	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	flew	fly	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	_
15	with	with	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	obl	_	_
17	over	over	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
22	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	23	advmod	_	_
23	dropped	drop	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	_
24	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fly over** | past · progressive | a raven |  |  |  |  | over *property* | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **pick up** | past | a raven | Tom |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Topic |
| 3 | **fly** | past | a raven *not said here* |  |  | the sea |  | with Tom | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over sea=Location |
| 4 | **drop** | past | a raven *not said here* | Tom |  | there |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «English Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Project Gutenberg book 7439 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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