---
title: Thus, a couple of these stories have been found among descendants of… — English Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: Thus, a couple of these stories have been found among descendants of English immigrants in America; a couple of others I tell as I heard them myself in my youth in Australia. Who acts: I. A sentence of «English Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, _to My Dear Little May_, with its dependency tree and the 
---

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# English Fairy Tales, \_to My Dear Little May\_, sentence 25

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Thus, a couple of these stories have been found among descendants of English immigrants in America; a couple of others I tell as I heard them myself in my youth in Australia.

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**Who acts:** I · **What happens:** find, tell, hear · **To what, where:** couple, stories, youth · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «English Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, \_to My Dear Little May\_. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Checked tree.** This sentence is in the tales treebank of Mova corpus 0.3 (`gutenberg:pg7439:23`): parsed by Mova, then checked and patched by a teacher model under UD validation gates — Mova annot: Rust (en) → Claude Opus (medium) patches; gates UD 2.18.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg7439:3:25
# text = Thus, a couple of these stories have been found among descendants of English immigrants in America; a couple of others I tell as I heard them myself in my youth in Australia.
1	Thus	thus	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	couple	couple	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	7	det	_	_
7	stories	story	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
8	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
9	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	found	find	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
11	among	among	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	descendants	descendant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	English	English	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	immigrants	immigrant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nmod	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	America	America	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	_
18	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	24	punct	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	couple	couple	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obj	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	nmod	_	_
23	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
24	tell	tell	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	_
25	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	27	mark	_	_
26	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	27	nsubj	_	_
27	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	24	advcl	_	_
28	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	obj	_	_
29	myself	myself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Emp|Reflex=Yes	27	obl:unmarked	_	_
30	in	in	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	32	nmod:poss	_	_
32	youth	youth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	_
33	in	in	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
34	Australia	Australia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	32	nmod	_	_
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | present · perfect · passive |  | a couple of this stories |  |  |  | among descendants of English immigrants in America; thus *property* | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic |
| 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | present | I | a couple of others |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent couple=Recipient |
| 3 | **hear** | past | I | stories *= story* |  | my youth in Australia |  | myself *obl:unmarked* | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer they=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «English Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Project Gutenberg book 7439 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** the tales treebank of Mova corpus 0.3, Apache-2.0 OR MIT. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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