---
title: There are certain indications that the “common form” of the English… — English Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: There are certain indications that the “common form” of the English Fairy Tale was the _cante-fable_, a mixture of narrative and verse of which the most illustrious example in literature is “Aucassin et Nicolette.” Who acts: certain indications, Aucassin. A sentence of «English Fairy Tales» by Josep
---

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# English Fairy Tales, \_to My Dear Little May\_, sentence 31

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There are certain indications that the “common form” of the English Fairy Tale was the \_cante-fable\_, a mixture of narrative and verse of which the most illustrious example in literature is “Aucassin et Nicolette.”

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**Who acts:** certain indications, Aucassin · **What happens:** be, form · **To what, where:** fable \_ · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «English Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, \_to My Dear Little May\_. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (certain indications, Aucassin), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg7439:3:31
# text = There are certain indications that the “common form” of the English Fairy Tale was the _cante-fable_, a mixture of narrative and verse of which the most illustrious example in literature is “Aucassin et Nicolette.”
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	are	be	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	certain	certain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	indications	indication	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
5	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
7	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	common	common	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
13	English	English	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	Fairy	Fairy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	Tale	Tale	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	_
16	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	22	cop	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
18	_	_	PUNCT	``	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	cante	cante	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	fable	fable	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	_	_	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
24	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	mixture	mixture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	conj	_	_
26	of	of	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	narrative	narrative	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nmod	_	_
28	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
29	verse	verse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	conj	_	_
30	of	of	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
31	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	41	obl	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
33	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	34	advmod	_	_
34	illustrious	illustrious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	35	amod	_	_
35	example	example	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	41	ccomp	_	_
36	in	in	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
37	literature	literature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	nmod	_	_
38	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	41	cop	_	_
39	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	41	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	Aucassin	Aucassin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	41	nsubj	_	_
41	et	et	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	29	acl:relcl	_	_
42	Nicolette	Nicolette	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	41	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
44	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **does** | present | certain indications |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **form** *in a quote* |  | certain indications |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **is a** | past |  | the fable \_ and a mixture of narrative and verse |  |  |  | of the Fairy Tale | tree rules |
| 4 | **is** *in a quote* | present | Aucassin |  |  |  |  | of verse; et *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «English Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Project Gutenberg book 7439 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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