---
title: “But who are you then?” she said quite low; “and how came you to be… — English Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: “But who are you then?” she said quite low; “and how came you to be changed into that dear little bird?” Who acts: you. A sentence of «English Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Earl Mar's Daughter, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# English Fairy Tales, Earl Mar's Daughter, sentence 14

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“But who are you then?” she said quite low; “and how came you to be changed into that dear little bird?”

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**Who acts:** you · **What happens:** be, say, come, change · **To what, where:** you · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «English Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Earl Mar's Daughter. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg7439:35:14
# text = “But who are you then?” she said quite low; “and how came you to be changed into that dear little bird?”
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
3	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
6	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
9	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	quite	quite	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
12	low	low	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
14	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
16	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	17	advmod	_	_
17	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	_
18	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	17	obj	_	_
19	to	to	PART	TO	_	21	mark	_	_
20	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	21	aux:pass	_	_
21	changed	change	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	17	advcl	_	_
22	into	into	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
23	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	26	nsubj	_	_
24	dear	dear	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
25	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | you |  |  |  | then |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: ask* | past |  |  |  |  |  | low *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **come** *in a quote* | past |  | you |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location you=Theme |
| 4 | **change** *in a quote* | to-infinitive · passive |  |  |  |  |  | into dear little bird *result* | vn turn-26.6.1-1 «NP.patient V PP.result»: into bird=Result |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «English Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Project Gutenberg book 7439 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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