---
title: He then presented her to the queen, who started back, and was afraid… — English Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: He then presented her to the queen, who started back, and was afraid to touch a creature who had made such a havoc among the rats and mice. Who acts: captain, queen, creature. A sentence of «English Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Whittington and His Cat, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics o
---

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# English Fairy Tales, Whittington and His Cat, sentence 74

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He then presented her to the queen, who started back, and was afraid to touch a creature who had made such a havoc among the rats and mice.

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**Who acts:** captain, queen, creature · **What happens:** present, start back, be, touch, make · **To what, where:** creature, queen, havoc

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This is a sentence of «English Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Whittington and His Cat. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (captain, queen, creature), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg7439:37:74
# text = He then presented her to the queen, who started back, and was afraid to touch a creature who had made such a havoc among the rats and mice.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
3	presented	present	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	queen	queen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
10	started	start	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
11	back	back	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
15	afraid	afraid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	_
16	to	to	PART	TO	_	17	mark	_	_
17	touch	touch	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	xcomp	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	creature	creature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
20	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	22	nsubj	_	_
21	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	22	aux	_	_
22	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	19	acl:relcl	_	_
23	such	such	DET	PDT	PronType=Ind	25	det:predet	_	_
24	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	havoc	havoc	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	_
26	among	among	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	rats	rat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	obl	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
30	mice	mouse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **present** | past | captain | creature | the queen |  | then |  | vn fulfilling-13.4.1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent she=Theme to queen=Recipient |
| 2 | **start back** | past | the queen |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 3 | **is** | past | captain *not said here* |  |  |  |  | afraid *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **touch** | to-infinitive | captain *not said here* | a creature |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme creature=Co-Theme |
| 5 | **make** | past · perfect | a creature | such havoc |  |  |  | among the rats and mice | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent havoc=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «English Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Project Gutenberg book 7439 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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