---
title: Now he not long before had mended the shoes of an old hermit, who, h… — English Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: Now he not long before had mended the shoes of an old hermit, who, having no money gave him a box of ointment for the cure of the leprosy, and a bottle of spirits for a harsh voice. Who acts: cobbler, old hermit, shoes. A sentence of «English Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, The Three Heads of the Wel
---

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# English Fairy Tales, The Three Heads of the Well, sentence 54

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Now he not long before had mended the shoes of an old hermit, who, having no money gave him a box of ointment for the cure of the leprosy, and a bottle of spirits for a harsh voice.

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**Who acts:** cobbler, old hermit, shoes · **What happens:** not mend, have, give · **To what, where:** bottle, money, box, cobbler

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This is a sentence of «English Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, The Three Heads of the Well. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (cobbler, old hermit, shoes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg7439:49:54
# text = Now he not long before had mended the shoes of an old hermit, who, having no money gave him a box of ointment for the cure of the leprosy, and a bottle of spirits for a harsh voice.
1	Now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	7	advmod	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	7	advmod	_	_
4	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	5	advmod	_	_
5	before	before	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
6	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	mended	mend	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	shoes	shoe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	nsubj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	hermit	hermit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	17	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	having	have	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	13	acl:relcl	_	_
18	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	19	det	_	_
19	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
20	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	parataxis	_	_
21	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	iobj	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	box	box	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	ointment	ointment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nmod	_	_
26	for	for	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	cure	cure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nmod	_	_
29	of	of	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	leprosy	leprosy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
33	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	35	cc	_	_
34	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
35	bottle	bottle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
36	of	of	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
37	spirits	spirit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	35	nmod	_	_
38	for	for	ADP	IN	_	41	case	_	_
39	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	41	det	_	_
40	harsh	harsh	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	41	amod	_	_
41	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **mend** | past · perfect | cobbler | a bottle of spirits for a harsh voice |  |  | now | before *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **have** | gerund | a old hermit | no money |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent money=Patient |
| 3 | **give** | past | the shoes of a old hermit | a box of ointment for the cure of the leprosy | cobbler |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent he=Recipient box=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «English Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Project Gutenberg book 7439 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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