---
title: Years after a shepherd passing by finds a bone under the bush, and,… — English Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: Years after a shepherd passing by finds a bone under the bush, and, blowing through this, hears the bone denounce the murderer. Who acts: shepherd, Years, bone. A sentence of «English Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, IX. Binnorie., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# English Fairy Tales, IX. Binnorie., sentence 5

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Years after a shepherd passing by finds a bone under the bush, and, blowing through this, hears the bone denounce the murderer.

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**Who acts:** shepherd, Years, bone · **What happens:** pass by, find, blow, hear, denounce · **To what, where:** bone, bush, this, murderer · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «English Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, IX. Binnorie.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (shepherd, Years, bone), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg7439:59:5
# text = Years after a shepherd passing by finds a bone under the bush, and, blowing through this, hears the bone denounce the murderer.
1	Years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
2	after	after	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	shepherd	shepherd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
5	passing	pass	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	acl	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	fixed	_	_
7	finds	find	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	bone	bone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	under	under	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	bush	bush	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	blowing	blow	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	advcl	_	_
17	through	through	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
20	hears	hear	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	bone	bone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nsubj	_	_
23	denounce	denounce	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	ccomp	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	murderer	murderer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pass by** | gerund | a shepherd *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **find** | present | Years after a shepherd | a bone |  | the bush |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bone=Topic |
| 3 | **blow** | gerund | Years after a shepherd *not said here* |  |  | this |  |  | vn split-23.2 «NP V apart»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **hear** | present | Years after a shepherd *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 5 | **denounce** | infinitive | the bone | the murderer |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent murderer=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «English Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Project Gutenberg book 7439 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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