---
title: It has been best studied by Köhler in _Germania_, iii. — English Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: It has been best studied by Köhler in _Germania_, iii. Who acts: Köhler. A sentence of «English Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, XIX. Jack the Giant-killer., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# English Fairy Tales, XIX. Jack the Giant-killer., sentence 16

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It has been best studied by Köhler in \_Germania\_, iii.

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**Who acts:** Köhler · **What happens:** study · **To what, where:** episode

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This is a sentence of «English Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, XIX. Jack the Giant-killer.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Köhler), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg7439:69:16
# text = It has been best studied by Köhler in _Germania_, iii.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
3	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	5	aux:pass	_	_
4	best	well	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	5	advmod	_	_
5	studied	study	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Köhler	Köhler	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl:agent	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	_	_	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	Germania	Germania	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	iii	III	NUM	CD	NumForm=Roman|NumType=Card	7	list	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **study** | present · perfect · passive | Köhler in \_ | episode |  |  |  | well *property* | vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Topic |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «English Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Project Gutenberg book 7439 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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