---
title: 75-98, has given reasons and examples for believing that terrace cul… — English Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: 75-98, has given reasons and examples for believing that terrace cultivation along the sides of hills was a practice of the non-Aryan and pre-Aryan inhabitants of these isles. Who acts: believing. A sentence of «English Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, XXI. Childe Rowland., with its dependency tree an
---

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# English Fairy Tales, XXI. Childe Rowland., sentence 73

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75-98, has given reasons and examples for believing that terrace cultivation along the sides of hills was a practice of the non-Aryan and pre-Aryan inhabitants of these isles.

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**Who acts:** believing · **What happens:** give, believe, be · **To what, where:** reasons, terrace cultivation, practice

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This is a sentence of «English Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, XXI. Childe Rowland.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (believing), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg7439:71:73
# text = 75-98, has given reasons and examples for believing that terrace cultivation along the sides of hills was a practice of the non-Aryan and pre-Aryan inhabitants of these isles.
1	75-98	75-98	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
3	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	1	parataxis	_	_
5	reasons	reason	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	examples	example	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	_
8	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
9	believing	believe	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	20	csubj	_	_
10	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	12	det	_	_
11	terrace	terrace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	cultivation	cultivation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
13	along	along	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	sides	side	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	hills	hill	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nmod	_	_
18	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	cop	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	practice	practice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	parataxis	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
23	non-Aryan	non-aryan	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
25	pre-Aryan	pre-aryan	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	conj	_	_
26	inhabitants	inhabitant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	nmod	_	_
27	of	of	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	29	det	_	_
29	isles	isle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | present · perfect |  | reasons and examples |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reason=Theme |
| 2 | **believe** | gerund |  | that terrace cultivation |  |  |  | along the sides of hills | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer cultivation=Stimulus |
| 3 | **is a** | past | believing | a practice |  |  |  | of the non-Aryan inhabitants of this isles | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «English Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Project Gutenberg book 7439 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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