---
title: During two years spent in Tibet, at Gyantse, Lhasa, and elsewhere, I… — Folk tales from Tibet · tree and pragmatics
description: During two years spent in Tibet, at Gyantse, Lhasa, and elsewhere, I have made many friends amongst all classes of Tibetans—high and low, rich and poor—and have conversed with all sorts of persons upon all sorts of topics. Who acts: I. A sentence of «Folk tales from Tibet» by William Frederick Trave
---

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# Folk tales from Tibet, Opening, sentence 12

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
During two years spent in Tibet, at Gyantse, Lhasa, and elsewhere, I have made many friends amongst all classes of Tibetans—high and low, rich and poor—and have conversed with all sorts of persons upon all sorts of topics.

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**Who acts:** I · **What happens:** spend, make, converse, sort · **To what, where:** Tibet, many friends, persons, topics

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This is a sentence of «Folk tales from Tibet» by William Frederick Travers, Sir O'Connor, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75000:1:12
# text = During two years spent in Tibet, at Gyantse, Lhasa, and elsewhere, I have made many friends amongst all classes of Tibetans—high and low, rich and poor—and have conversed with all sorts of persons upon all sorts of topics.
1	During	during	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	nummod	_	_
3	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
4	spent	spend	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Tibet	Tibet	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Gyantse	Gyantse	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	Lhasa	Lhasa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	elsewhere	elsewhere	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
17	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
18	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
19	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	friends	friend	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obj	_	_
21	amongst	amongst	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	23	det	_	_
23	classes	class	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obl	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	Tibetans	Tibetan	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	23	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	27	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	conj	_	_
28	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
29	low	low	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
31	rich	rich	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	conj	_	_
32	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
33	poor	poor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	31	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	37	cc	_	_
36	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	37	aux	_	_
37	conversed	converse	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	conj	_	_
38	with	with	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
39	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	40	det	_	_
40	sorts	sort	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	37	obl	_	_
41	of	of	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
42	persons	person	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	40	nmod	_	_
43	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	45	case	_	_
44	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	45	det	_	_
45	sorts	sort	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	42	nmod	_	_
46	of	of	ADP	IN	_	47	case	_	_
47	topics	topic	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	45	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
48	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spend** | participle |  |  |  | Tibet | year | at Gyantse and Lhasa; elsewhere *property* | vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **make** | present · perfect | I | many friends |  |  |  | amongst all classes of Tibetans | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent friend=Product |
| 3 | **converse** *speech: other* | present · perfect |  |  |  |  |  | with all sorts of persons upon all sorts of topics | vn chit\_chat-37.6 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with sort=Co-Agent |
| 4 | **sort** |  |  | persons upon all sorts of topics |  |  |  |  | nom sort «cognition transitive»: of=patient |
| 5 | **sort** |  |  | topics |  |  |  |  | nom sort «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Folk tales from Tibet» by William Frederick Travers, Sir O'Connor, Project Gutenberg book 75000 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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