--- title: It happened that near by there was a thick wall standing, which was… — Folk tales from Tibet · tree and pragmatics description: It happened that near by there was a thick wall standing, which was part of the remains of a ruined castle; and in one portion of the wall there was a hole, very large at one end and tapering down to quite a small opening at the other. Who acts: It, thick wall, hole. A sentence of «Folk tales from T --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75000/10/31/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Folk tales from Tibet](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75000/) / [The Hare and the Lions.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75000/10/) / 31 # Folk tales from Tibet, The Hare and the Lions., sentence 31 It happened that near by there was a thick wall standing, which was part of the remains of a ruined castle; and in one portion of the wall there was a hole, very large at one end and tapering down to quite a small opening at the other. **Who acts:** It, thick wall, hole · **What happens:** happen, be, stand, ruin, taper down · **To what, where:** part, one portion This is a sentence of «Folk tales from Tibet» by William Frederick Travers, Sir O'Connor, The Hare and the Lions.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (It, thick wall, hole), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg75000:10:31 # text = It happened that near by there was a thick wall standing, which was part of the remains of a ruined castle; and in one portion of the wall there was a hole, very large at one end and tapering down to quite a small opening at the other. 1 It it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 nsubj _ _ 2 happened happen VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 that that SCONJ IN _ 4 mark _ _ 4 near near ADV RB _ 2 advcl _ _ 5 by by SCONJ IN _ 7 mark _ _ 6 there there PRON EX PronType=Dem 7 expl _ _ 7 was be VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 2 parataxis _ _ 8 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 9 thick thick ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 10 amod _ _ 10 wall wall NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 nsubj _ _ 11 standing stand VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 10 acl _ SpaceAfter=No 12 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 13 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 15 nsubj _ _ 14 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 15 cop _ _ 15 part part NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 obl _ _ 16 of of ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 17 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 18 remains remains NOUN NNS Number=Ptan 15 nmod _ _ 19 of of ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 20 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 21 ruined ruin VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 22 amod _ _ 22 castle castle NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 23 ; ; PUNCT , _ 32 punct _ _ 24 and and CCONJ CC _ 32 cc _ _ 25 in in ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 26 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 27 nummod _ _ 27 portion portion NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 obl _ _ 28 of of ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 29 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 30 det _ _ 30 wall wall NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 nmod _ _ 31 there there PRON EX PronType=Dem 32 expl _ _ 32 was be VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 2 parataxis _ _ 33 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 34 det _ _ 34 hole hole NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No 35 , , PUNCT , _ 37 punct _ _ 36 very very ADV RB _ 37 advmod _ _ 37 large large ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 34 amod _ _ 38 at at ADP IN _ 40 case _ _ 39 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 40 nummod _ _ 40 end end NOUN NN Number=Sing 37 obl _ _ 41 and and CCONJ CC _ 42 cc _ _ 42 tapering taper VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 37 conj _ _ 43 down down ADV RB _ 42 advmod _ _ 44 to to ADP IN _ 48 case _ _ 45 quite quite DET PDT PronType=Ind 48 det:predet _ _ 46 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 48 det _ _ 47 small small ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 48 amod _ _ 48 opening opening NOUN NN Number=Sing 42 obl _ _ 49 at at ADP IN _ 51 case _ _ 50 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 51 det _ _ 51 other other ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 48 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 52 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **happen** | past | It | | | | | | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **be** | past | a thick wall | | | there | | | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **stand** | gerund | a thick wall *not said here* | | | | | | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **is a** | past | | part | | | | of the remains of a ruined castle; which *nsubj* | tree rules | | 5 | **ruin** | participle | | | | | | | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 6 | **be** | past | a hole | | | one portion of the wall; there | | | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in portion=Location | | 7 | **taper down** | gerund | a hole *not said here* | | | | | to quite small opening at the other; down *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Folk tales from Tibet» by William Frederick Travers, Sir O'Connor, Project Gutenberg book 75000 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 30](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75000/10/30/) - next →: [sentence 32](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75000/10/32/) - ↑ back to [The Hare and the Lions.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75000/10/)