---
title: Once upon a time there lived an old Sheep in a low-lying valley of T… — Folk tales from Tibet · tree and pragmatics
description: Once upon a time there lived an old Sheep in a low-lying valley of Tibet, and every year she, with her Lamb, [5] were in the habit of leaving the valley during the early months of summer, and going up on to the great northern plateau, where grass is plentiful, and where many Sheep and Goats graze th
---

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# Folk tales from Tibet, The Sheep, the Lamb, the Wolf and the Hare., sentence 1

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Once upon a time there lived an old Sheep in a low-lying valley of Tibet, and every year she, with her Lamb, \[5\] were in the habit of leaving the valley during the early months of summer, and going up on to the great northern plateau, where grass is plentiful, and where many Sheep and Goats graze throughout the summer.

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**Who acts:** year, habit, grass, many Sheep · **What happens:** live, lie, be, leave, go up, graze · **To what, where:** old Sheep, lying valley, habit, valley

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This is a sentence of «Folk tales from Tibet» by William Frederick Travers, Sir O'Connor, The Sheep, the Lamb, the Wolf and the Hare.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (year, habit, grass, many Sheep), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75000:11:1
# text = Once upon a time there lived an old Sheep in a low-lying valley of Tibet, and every year she, with her Lamb, [5] were in the habit of leaving the valley during the early months of summer, and going up on to the great northern plateau, where grass is plentiful, and where many Sheep and Goats graze throughout the summer.
1	Once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	6	advmod	_	_
2	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
5	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	6	advmod	_	_
6	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	Sheep	sheep	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
12	low	low	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	lying	lie	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	15	amod	_	_
15	valley	valley	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	Tibet	Tibet	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
20	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	21	det	_	_
21	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	nsubj	_	_
22	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	34	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
24	with	with	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	26	nmod:poss	_	_
26	Lamb	lamb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
28	[	[	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	29	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	26	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	]	]	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	29	punct	_	_
31	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	34	cop	_	_
32	in	in	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	habit	habit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
35	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	36	mark	_	_
36	leaving	leave	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	34	acl	_	_
37	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	38	det	_	_
38	valley	valley	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	obj	_	_
39	during	during	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
40	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	42	det	_	_
41	early	early	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	42	amod	_	_
42	months	month	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	36	obl	_	_
43	of	of	ADP	IN	_	44	case	_	_
44	summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	42	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
45	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	47	punct	_	_
46	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	47	cc	_	_
47	going	go	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	_
48	up	up	ADV	RB	_	47	advmod	_	_
49	on	on	ADV	RB	_	47	advmod	_	_
50	to	to	ADP	IN	_	54	case	_	_
51	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	54	det	_	_
52	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	54	amod	_	_
53	northern	northern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	54	amod	_	_
54	plateau	plateau	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	47	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
55	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	59	punct	_	_
56	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	59	advmod	_	_
57	grass	grass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	59	nsubj	_	_
58	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	59	cop	_	_
59	plentiful	plentiful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	54	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
60	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	67	punct	_	_
61	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	67	cc	_	_
62	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	67	advmod	_	_
63	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	64	amod	_	_
64	Sheep	sheep	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	67	nsubj	_	_
65	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	66	cc	_	_
66	Goats	goat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	64	conj	_	_
67	graze	graze	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	59	parataxis	_	_
68	throughout	throughout	ADP	IN	_	70	case	_	_
69	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	70	det	_	_
70	summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	67	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
71	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | past |  | a old Sheep |  | a lying valley of Tibet; there | time | once *property* | vn lodge-46 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme sheep=Location |
| 2 | **lie** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** | past | every year |  |  | the habit |  | Tibet *nsubj* | tree rules |
| 4 | **leave** | gerund | the habit *not said here* | the valley |  |  | month |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent valley=Theme |
| 5 | **go up** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | to the great northern plateau | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 6 | **is** | present | grass |  |  |  |  | plentiful *property* | tree rules |
| 7 | **graze** | present | many Sheep and Goats |  |  |  | summer |  | vn dine-39.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Folk tales from Tibet» by William Frederick Travers, Sir O'Connor, Project Gutenberg book 75000 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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