---
title: Shortly after Father Jackal heard a slight crackling amongst the dry… — Folk tales from Tibet · tree and pragmatics
description: Shortly after Father Jackal heard a slight crackling amongst the dry leaves of the forest; and in the dim morning light he discerned the form of a great Tiger approaching his den through the tree-stems. Who acts: Father, family. A sentence of «Folk tales from Tibet» by William Frederick Travers, Sir
---

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# Folk tales from Tibet, The Jackals and the Tiger., sentence 12

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Shortly after Father Jackal heard a slight crackling amongst the dry leaves of the forest; and in the dim morning light he discerned the form of a great Tiger approaching his den through the tree-stems.

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**Who acts:** Father, family · **What happens:** hear, discern, approach, form · **To what, where:** slight crackling, form, dim morning light, den, tree stems, great Tiger

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This is a sentence of «Folk tales from Tibet» by William Frederick Travers, Sir O'Connor, The Jackals and the Tiger.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Father, family), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75000:14:12
# text = Shortly after Father Jackal heard a slight crackling amongst the dry leaves of the forest; and in the dim morning light he discerned the form of a great Tiger approaching his den through the tree-stems.
1	Shortly	shortly	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
2	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
3	Father	Father	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	Jackal	Jackal	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
5	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	slight	slight	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	crackling	crackling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
9	amongst	amongst	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	dry	dry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	24	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
18	in	in	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
20	dim	dim	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
21	morning	morning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	compound	_	_
22	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	_
23	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
24	discerned	discern	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obj	_	_
27	of	of	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
28	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
29	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	30	amod	_	_
30	Tiger	Tiger	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	nmod	_	_
31	approaching	approach	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	24	advcl	_	_
32	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	33	nmod:poss	_	_
33	den	den	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	obj	_	_
34	through	through	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
35	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	38	det	_	_
36	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	38	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	36	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	stems	stem	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	31	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | past | Father | a slight crackling |  |  |  | amongst the dry leaves of the forest; shortly *property* | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer crackling=Stimulus |
| 2 | **discern** | past | family | the form of a great Tiger |  | the dim morning light |  |  | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer form=Stimulus |
| 3 | **approach** | gerund | family *not said here* | family's den |  | the tree stems |  |  | vn confront-98 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent den=Theme |
| 4 | **form** |  |  | a great Tiger |  |  |  |  | nom form «communication transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Folk tales from Tibet» by William Frederick Travers, Sir O'Connor, Project Gutenberg book 75000 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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