---
title: Next morning, shouldering his axe, he started off again, and as befo… — Folk tales from Tibet · tree and pragmatics
description: Next morning, shouldering his axe, he started off again, and as before, began to chop wood. Who acts: Next morning, boy. A sentence of «Folk tales from Tibet» by William Frederick Travers, Sir O'Connor, The Story of the Stone Lion., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Folk tales from Tibet, The Story of the Stone Lion., sentence 14

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Next morning, shouldering his axe, he started off again, and as before, began to chop wood.

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**Who acts:** Next morning, boy · **What happens:** shoulder, start off, begin, chop · **To what, where:** axe, wood

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This is a sentence of «Folk tales from Tibet» by William Frederick Travers, Sir O'Connor, The Story of the Stone Lion.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Next morning, boy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75000:18:14
# text = Next morning, shouldering his axe, he started off again, and as before, began to chop wood.
1	Next	next	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	morning	morning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	shouldering	shoulder	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	axe	axe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
8	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	started	start	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	off	off	ADP	RP	_	9	compound:prt	_	_
11	again	again	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
14	as	as	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	before	before	ADV	RB	_	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
17	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	_
18	to	to	PART	TO	_	19	mark	_	_
19	chop	chop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	xcomp	_	_
20	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shoulder** | gerund | Next morning *not said here* | boy's axe |  |  |  |  | vn pocket-9.10 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent axe=Theme |
| 2 | **start off** | past | boy |  |  |  | again; morning |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 3 | **begin** | past | boy *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 4 | **chop** | to-infinitive | boy *not said here* | wood |  |  |  |  | vn carve-21.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wood=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Folk tales from Tibet» by William Frederick Travers, Sir O'Connor, Project Gutenberg book 75000 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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