---
title: The young man replied that having been driven from his home by his p… — Folk tales from Tibet · tree and pragmatics
description: The young man replied that having been driven from his home by his proud and hard-hearted brother, he was now engaged in earning his livelihood by chopping wood upon that hill; and that, thinking that the Lion must be the guardian deity of the mountain, he had considered it right to make him some so
---

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# Folk tales from Tibet, The Story of the Stone Lion., sentence 20

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The young man replied that having been driven from his home by his proud and hard-hearted brother, he was now engaged in earning his livelihood by chopping wood upon that hill; and that, thinking that the Lion must be the guardian deity of the mountain, he had considered it right to make him some sort of an offering, and to request his continued patronage and assistance.

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**Who acts:** young man, proud hearted brother, that, Lion, boy · **What happens:** reply, drive, engage, earn, chop, think · **To what, where:** home, boy, livelihood, wood, hill, guardian deity · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Folk tales from Tibet» by William Frederick Travers, Sir O'Connor, The Story of the Stone Lion.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (young man, proud hearted brother, that, Lion), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75000:18:20
# text = The young man replied that having been driven from his home by his proud and hard-hearted brother, he was now engaged in earning his livelihood by chopping wood upon that hill; and that, thinking that the Lion must be the guardian deity of the mountain, he had considered it right to make him some sort of an offering, and to request his continued patronage and assistance.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	replied	reply	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
6	having	have	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	aux	_	_
7	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	driven	drive	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	ccomp	_	_
9	from	from	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	home	home	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
12	by	by	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
13	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	19	nmod:poss	_	_
14	proud	proud	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	hearted	hearted	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
21	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj:pass	_	_
22	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	24	aux:pass	_	_
23	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	24	advmod	_	_
24	engaged	engage	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	conj	_	_
25	in	in	SCONJ	IN	_	26	mark	_	_
26	earning	earn	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	24	advcl	_	_
27	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	28	nmod:poss	_	_
28	livelihood	livelihood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obj	_	_
29	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	30	mark	_	_
30	chopping	chop	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	26	advcl	_	_
31	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	obj	_	_
32	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
33	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	34	det	_	_
34	hill	hill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	39	punct	_	_
36	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	39	cc	_	_
37	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	39	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	39	punct	_	_
39	thinking	think	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
40	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	47	mark	_	_
41	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	42	det	_	_
42	Lion	Lion	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	47	nsubj	_	_
43	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	47	aux	_	_
44	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	47	cop	_	_
45	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	47	det	_	_
46	guardian	guardian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	47	amod	_	_
47	deity	deity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	39	ccomp	_	_
48	of	of	ADP	IN	_	50	case	_	_
49	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	50	det	_	_
50	mountain	mountain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	47	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
51	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	54	punct	_	_
52	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	54	nsubj	_	_
53	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	54	aux	_	_
54	considered	consider	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	conj	_	_
55	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	54	obj	_	_
56	right	right	ADV	RB	_	58	advmod	_	_
57	to	to	PART	TO	_	58	mark	_	_
58	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	54	advcl	_	_
59	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	58	obj	_	_
60	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	61	det	_	_
61	sort	sort	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	58	obj	_	_
62	of	of	ADP	IN	_	64	case	_	_
63	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	64	det	_	_
64	offering	offering	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	61	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
65	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	68	punct	_	_
66	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	68	cc	_	_
67	to	to	PART	TO	_	68	mark	_	_
68	request	request	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	58	conj	_	_
69	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	71	nmod:poss	_	_
70	continued	continue	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	71	amod	_	_
71	patronage	patronage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	68	obj	_	_
72	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	73	cc	_	_
73	assistance	assistance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	71	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
74	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reply** *speech: assert* | past | the young man |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **drive** | gerund · perfect · passive | boy's proud hearted brother |  |  | boy's home |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent from home=Trajectory |
| 3 | **engage** | past · passive |  | boy |  |  | now |  | vn amalgamate-22.2-3-2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 4 | **earn** | gerund |  | boy's livelihood |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent livelihood=Theme |
| 5 | **chop** | gerund |  | wood |  | that hill |  |  | vn swat-18.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent wood=Patient upon hill=Location |
| 6 | **think** *speech: other* | gerund | that |  |  |  |  |  | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 7 | **is a** | must | the Lion | the guardian deity |  |  |  | of the mountain | tree rules |
| 8 | **consider** | past · perfect | Lion | wood |  |  |  |  | vn consider-29.9-1-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent it=Attribute |
| 9 | **make** | to-infinitive | Lion *not said here* | some sort of a offering | boy |  |  | right *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: agent=Asset he=Beneficiary sort=Product |
| 10 | **request** | to-infinitive | Lion *not said here* | boy's continued patronage and assistance |  |  |  |  | vn beg-58.2 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent patronage=Recipient |
| 11 | **continue** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 12 | **sort** |  |  | a offering |  |  |  |  | nom sort «cognition transitive»: of=patient |
| 13 | **patronage** |  | boy |  |  |  |  |  | nom patronage «act transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Folk tales from Tibet» by William Frederick Travers, Sir O'Connor, Project Gutenberg book 75000 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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