--- title: Lama,” said the Servant, addressing the old man, “I have come to tel… — Folk tales from Tibet · tree and pragmatics description: Lama,” said the Servant, addressing the old man, “I have come to tell you that I have just found a sheep belonging to our neighbours, who live in the valley below, wandering about near the house; so, for fear he should be eaten by wolves, I have caught him and tied him up in a room below. Who acts: --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75000/19/13/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Folk tales from Tibet](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75000/) / [The Story of the Lama’s Servant.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75000/19/) / 13 # Folk tales from Tibet, The Story of the Lama’s Servant., sentence 13 Lama,” said the Servant, addressing the old man, “I have come to tell you that I have just found a sheep belonging to our neighbours, who live in the valley below, wandering about near the house; so, for fear he should be eaten by wolves, I have caught him and tied him up in a room below. **Who acts:** Lama, I, sheep, neighbours, wolves · **What happens:** say, address, come, tell, find, belong · **To what, where:** Servant, old man, you, sheep, valley, house · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of «Folk tales from Tibet» by William Frederick Travers, Sir O'Connor, The Story of the Lama’s Servant.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Lama, I, sheep, neighbours), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg75000:19:13 # text = Lama,” said the Servant, addressing the old man, “I have come to tell you that I have just found a sheep belonging to our neighbours, who live in the valley below, wandering about near the house; so, for fear he should be eaten by wolves, I have caught him and tied him up in a room below. 1 Lama lama NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No 2 , , PUNCT , _ 1 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 3 ” " PUNCT '' _ 1 punct _ _ 4 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 6 Servant servant NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 7 , , PUNCT , _ 8 punct _ _ 8 addressing address VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 4 advcl _ _ 9 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 10 old old ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 11 amod _ _ 11 man man NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 12 , , PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 13 “ " PUNCT `` _ 16 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 14 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 16 nsubj _ _ 15 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 16 aux _ _ 16 come come VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 8 advcl _ _ 17 to to PART TO _ 18 mark _ _ 18 tell tell VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 16 xcomp _ _ 19 you you PRON PRP Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs 18 iobj _ _ 20 that that SCONJ IN _ 24 mark _ _ 21 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 24 nsubj _ _ 22 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 24 aux _ _ 23 just just ADV RB _ 24 advmod _ _ 24 found find VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 18 advcl _ _ 25 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 26 det _ _ 26 sheep sheep NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 obj _ _ 27 belonging belong VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 26 acl _ _ 28 to to ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 29 our our PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 30 nmod:poss _ _ 30 neighbours neighbour NOUN NNS Number=Plur 27 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 31 , , PUNCT , _ 33 punct _ _ 32 who who PRON WP PronType=Rel 33 nsubj _ _ 33 live live VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 30 acl:relcl _ _ 34 in in ADP IN _ 36 case _ _ 35 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 36 det _ _ 36 valley valley NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 obl _ _ 37 below below ADV RB _ 33 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 38 , , PUNCT , _ 39 punct _ _ 39 wandering wonder VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 33 advcl _ _ 40 about about ADV RB _ 41 advmod _ _ 41 near near ADP IN _ 43 case _ _ 42 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 43 det _ _ 43 house house NOUN NN Number=Sing 39 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 44 ; ; PUNCT , _ 52 punct _ _ 45 so so ADV RB _ 52 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 46 , , PUNCT , _ 52 punct _ _ 47 for for ADP IN _ 48 case _ _ 48 fear fear NOUN NN Number=Sing 52 obl _ _ 49 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 52 nsubj _ _ 50 should should AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 52 aux _ _ 51 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 52 aux:pass _ _ 52 eaten eat VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 4 parataxis _ _ 53 by by ADP IN _ 54 case _ _ 54 wolves wolf NOUN NNS Number=Plur 52 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 55 , , PUNCT , _ 58 punct _ _ 56 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 58 nsubj:pass _ _ 57 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 58 aux _ _ 58 caught catch VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 52 conj _ _ 59 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 58 obj _ _ 60 and and CCONJ CC _ 61 cc _ _ 61 tied tie VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 52 conj _ _ 62 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 61 obj _ _ 63 up up ADP RP _ 61 compound:prt _ _ 64 in in ADP IN _ 66 case _ _ 65 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 66 det _ _ 66 room room NOUN NN Number=Sing 61 obl _ _ 67 below below ADV RB _ 61 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 68 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **say** *speech: assert* *in a quote* | past | Lama | the Servant | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **address** *in a quote* | gerund | Lama *not said here* | | the old man | | | | vn illustrate-25.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent man=Destination | | 3 | **come** | present · perfect | I | | | | | | tree rules | | 4 | **tell** *speech: assert* | to-infinitive | I *not said here* | | you | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent you=Recipient | | 5 | **find** | present · perfect | I | a sheep | | | | | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sheep=Topic | | 6 | **belong** | gerund | a sheep *not said here* | | | | | to our neighbours | vn attend-107.4-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme | | 7 | **live** | present | our neighbours | | | the valley | | below *property* | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in valley=Location | | 8 | **wonder** *speech: ask* | gerund | our neighbours *not said here* | | | the house | | | vn care-88.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | | 9 | **eat** | should · passive | wolves | Lama | | | | for fear | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient | | 10 | **catch** | present · perfect · passive | | I | | | | Servant *obj* | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP.beneficiary NP»: subject=Beneficiary he=Theme | | 11 | **tie up** | past | wolves *not said here* | Servant | | a room | | below *property* | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Folk tales from Tibet» by William Frederick Travers, Sir O'Connor, Project Gutenberg book 75000 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75000/19/12/) - next →: [sentence 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75000/19/14/) - ↑ back to [The Story of the Lama’s Servant.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75000/19/)