---
title: Now it happened that half-way down the gulf a tree was growing from… — Folk tales from Tibet · tree and pragmatics
description: Now it happened that half-way down the gulf a tree was growing from a cleft in the precipice, and as he passed this the Tiger seized one of the boughs with his teeth, and so arrested his fall. Who acts: it, tree, Tiger. A sentence of «Folk tales from Tibet» by William Frederick Travers, Sir O'Connor
---

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# Folk tales from Tibet, How the Hare Got His Split Lip., sentence 22

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Now it happened that half-way down the gulf a tree was growing from a cleft in the precipice, and as he passed this the Tiger seized one of the boughs with his teeth, and so arrested his fall.

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**Who acts:** it, tree, Tiger · **What happens:** happen, grow, pass, seize, arrest · **To what, where:** half way, gulf, cleft, this, one, fall

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This is a sentence of «Folk tales from Tibet» by William Frederick Travers, Sir O'Connor, How the Hare Got His Split Lip.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (it, tree, Tiger), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75000:2:22
# text = Now it happened that half-way down the gulf a tree was growing from a cleft in the precipice, and as he passed this the Tiger seized one of the boughs with his teeth, and so arrested his fall.
1	Now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
2	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	happened	happen	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	7	det	_	_
5	half	half	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing|NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac	7	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
8	down	down	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	gulf	gulf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
13	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
14	growing	grow	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	acl:relcl	_	_
15	from	from	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	cleft	cleft	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
18	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	precipice	precipice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
23	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	25	mark	_	_
24	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	nsubj	_	_
25	passed	pass	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
26	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	25	obj	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	Tiger	Tiger	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	29	nsubj	_	_
29	seized	seize	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	25	conj	_	_
30	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	29	obj	_	_
31	of	of	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	boughs	bough	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	nmod	_	_
34	with	with	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
35	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	36	nmod:poss	_	_
36	teeth	tooth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	33	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	40	punct	_	_
38	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	40	cc	_	_
39	so	so	ADV	RB	_	40	advmod	_	_
40	arrested	arrest	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
41	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	42	nmod:poss	_	_
42	fall	fall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **happen** | past | it | that half way |  |  | now | down the gulf | tree rules |
| 2 | **grow** | past · progressive | a tree | the gulf *not said here* |  | a cleft in the precipice |  |  | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP.product PP.material»: agent=Agent gulf=Product from cleft=Material |
| 3 | **pass** | past | tree | this |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme this=Trajectory |
| 4 | **seize** | past | the Tiger | one of the boughs with Tiger's teeth |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Theme |
| 5 | **arrest** | past |  | Tiger's fall |  |  |  |  | vn prosecute-33.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fall=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Folk tales from Tibet» by William Frederick Travers, Sir O'Connor, Project Gutenberg book 75000 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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