---
title: When the Monkey understood that it would be necessary for him to ent… — Folk tales from Tibet · tree and pragmatics
description: When the Monkey understood that it would be necessary for him to enter the lake, he became rather alarmed, and remarked to the Tortoise that never having been in the water, he was afraid it would be difficult for him to reach the Tortoise’s home. Who acts: Monkey, Tortoise. A sentence of «Folk tales
---

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# Folk tales from Tibet, The Story of the Tortoise and the Monkey., sentence 23

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When the Monkey understood that it would be necessary for him to enter the lake, he became rather alarmed, and remarked to the Tortoise that never having been in the water, he was afraid it would be difficult for him to reach the Tortoise’s home.

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**Who acts:** Monkey, Tortoise · **What happens:** understand, be, enter, become, alarm, remark · **To what, where:** lake, Tortoise, water, home · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Folk tales from Tibet» by William Frederick Travers, Sir O'Connor, The Story of the Tortoise and the Monkey.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Monkey, Tortoise), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75000:21:23
# text = When the Monkey understood that it would be necessary for him to enter the lake, he became rather alarmed, and remarked to the Tortoise that never having been in the water, he was afraid it would be difficult for him to reach the Tortoise’s home.
1	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	4	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	Monkey	monkey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	understood	understand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	advcl	_	_
5	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
6	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	expl	_	_
7	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
8	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	cop	_	_
9	necessary	necessary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	ccomp	_	_
10	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
11	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	enter	enter	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	advcl	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	lake	lake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
17	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
18	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
19	rather	rather	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
20	alarmed	alarm	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	18	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	remarked	remark	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	18	conj	_	_
24	to	to	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	Tortoise	tortoise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	_
27	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	33	nsubj	_	_
28	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	33	advmod	_	_
29	having	have	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	33	aux	_	_
30	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	33	cop	_	_
31	in	in	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
35	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	37	nsubj	_	_
36	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	37	cop	_	_
37	afraid	afraid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	33	acl:relcl	_	_
38	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	41	expl	_	_
39	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	41	aux	_	_
40	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	41	cop	_	_
41	difficult	difficult	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	37	ccomp	_	_
42	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	45	mark	_	_
43	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	45	nsubj	_	_
44	to	to	PART	TO	_	45	mark	_	_
45	reach	reach	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	41	csubj	_	_
46	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	47	det	_	_
47	Tortoise	tortoise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	49	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
48	’s	's	PART	POS	_	47	case	_	_
49	home	home	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	45	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
50	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	18	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **understand** | past | the Monkey |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **is** | would |  |  |  |  |  | necessary *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **enter** | to-infinitive | Tortoise | the lake |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme lake=Destination |
| 4 | **become** | past | Tortoise |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **alarm** | participle | Tortoise *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 6 | **remark** *speech: assert* | participle | Tortoise *not said here* |  | the Tortoise |  |  |  | vn lecture-37.11-1 «NP V PP.recipient PP.topic»: agent=Agent to tortoise=Recipient |
| 7 | **not** **is** | gerund · perfect | the Tortoise |  |  | the water |  |  | tree rules |
| 8 | **is** | past | Tortoise | the water *not said here* |  |  |  | afraid *property* | tree rules |
| 9 | **is** | would | Tortoise *not said here* |  |  |  |  | difficult *property* | tree rules |
| 10 | **reach** | to-infinitive | Tortoise | the Tortoise's home |  |  |  |  | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent home=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Folk tales from Tibet» by William Frederick Travers, Sir O'Connor, Project Gutenberg book 75000 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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