---
title: The foolish Tortoise, thinking that if he simulated an echo the Monk… — Folk tales from Tibet · tree and pragmatics
description: The foolish Tortoise, thinking that if he simulated an echo the Monkey would enter the cave as usual, hereupon gave answer from his dark corner: Who acts: foolish Tortoise, Tortoise, Monkey. A sentence of «Folk tales from Tibet» by William Frederick Travers, Sir O'Connor, The Story of the Tortoise a
---

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# Folk tales from Tibet, The Story of the Tortoise and the Monkey., sentence 54

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The foolish Tortoise, thinking that if he simulated an echo the Monkey would enter the cave as usual, hereupon gave answer from his dark corner:

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**Who acts:** foolish Tortoise, Tortoise, Monkey · **What happens:** think, simulate, enter, give · **To what, where:** echo, cave, answer, dark corner · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Folk tales from Tibet» by William Frederick Travers, Sir O'Connor, The Story of the Tortoise and the Monkey.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (foolish Tortoise, Tortoise, Monkey), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75000:21:54
# text = The foolish Tortoise, thinking that if he simulated an echo the Monkey would enter the cave as usual, hereupon gave answer from his dark corner:
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	foolish	foolish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	Tortoise	Tortoise	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	thinking	think	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	acl	_	_
6	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
7	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
8	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	simulated	simulate	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	advcl	_	_
10	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	echo	echo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	Monkey	monkey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
14	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
15	enter	enter	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	ccomp	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	cave	cave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
18	as	as	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	usual	usual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
21	hereupon	hereupon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nsubj	_	_
22	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
23	answer	answer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	_
24	from	from	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
25	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	27	nmod:poss	_	_
26	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
27	corner	corner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	22	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **think** *speech: other* | gerund | the foolish Tortoise *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **simulate** *a condition, not said to happen* | past | Tortoise | a echo |  |  |  |  | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent echo=Patient |
| 3 | **enter** | would | the Monkey | the cave |  |  |  | as usual | vn escape-51.1-1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme cave=Destination |
| 4 | **give** | past | the foolish Tortoise | answer |  | Tortoise's dark corner |  | hereupon *nsubj* | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent answer=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Folk tales from Tibet» by William Frederick Travers, Sir O'Connor, Project Gutenberg book 75000 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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