---
title: The poor Boy was much terrified at this untoward event, and did all… — Folk tales from Tibet · tree and pragmatics
description: The poor Boy was much terrified at this untoward event, and did all he could to stop his horse by pulling the bridle and speaking to it, but with no avail. Who acts: poor Boy, Boy. A sentence of «Folk tales from Tibet» by William Frederick Travers, Sir O'Connor, How He Defeated the Enemy., with its 
---

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# Folk tales from Tibet, How He Defeated the Enemy., sentence 8

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The poor Boy was much terrified at this untoward event, and did all he could to stop his horse by pulling the bridle and speaking to it, but with no avail.

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**Who acts:** poor Boy, Boy · **What happens:** be, do, stop, pull, speak · **To what, where:** untoward event, all, horse, bridle · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Folk tales from Tibet» by William Frederick Travers, Sir O'Connor, How He Defeated the Enemy.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (poor Boy, Boy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75000:25:8
# text = The poor Boy was much terrified at this untoward event, and did all he could to stop his horse by pulling the bridle and speaking to it, but with no avail.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	poor	poor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	Boy	Boy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	much	much	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	terrified	terrified	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	10	det	_	_
9	untoward	untoward	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	event	event	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
14	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	13	obj	_	_
15	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
16	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
17	to	to	PART	TO	_	18	mark	_	_
18	stop	stop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	acl:relcl	_	_
19	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	20	nmod:poss	_	_
20	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	_
21	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	22	mark	_	_
22	pulling	pull	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	18	advcl	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	bridle	bridle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
26	speaking	speak	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	22	conj	_	_
27	to	to	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
30	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
31	with	with	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	33	det	_	_
33	avail	avail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the poor Boy |  |  | this untoward event |  | no avail *conj*; terrified *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **do** | past | the poor Boy *not said here* | all |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent all=Eventuality |
| 3 | **stop** | could | Boy | Boy's horse |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Affector horse=Eventuality |
| 4 | **pull** | gerund | Boy *not said here* | the bridle |  |  |  |  | vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bridle=Theme |
| 5 | **speak** *speech: other* | gerund | Boy *not said here* |  | horse |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to it=Co-Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Folk tales from Tibet» by William Frederick Travers, Sir O'Connor, Project Gutenberg book 75000 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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