---
title: Just before reaching the camp the horse carried him under a dead tre… — Folk tales from Tibet · tree and pragmatics
description: Just before reaching the camp the horse carried him under a dead tree, and the Boy, raising his arms, seized one of the branches with both hands in the hope of checking the horse’s mad career; but the rotten bough broke in his grasp, and the horse continued its gallop right into the camp, with the B
---

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# Folk tales from Tibet, How He Defeated the Enemy., sentence 9

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Just before reaching the camp the horse carried him under a dead tree, and the Boy, raising his arms, seized one of the branches with both hands in the hope of checking the horse’s mad career; but the rotten bough broke in his grasp, and the horse continued its gallop right into the camp, with the Boy holding in his hands a huge branch of the tree.

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**Who acts:** horse, hope, rotten bough, Boy · **What happens:** reach, carry, raise, seize, check, break · **To what, where:** camp, Boy, dead tree, arms, one, hope

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This is a sentence of «Folk tales from Tibet» by William Frederick Travers, Sir O'Connor, How He Defeated the Enemy.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (horse, hope, rotten bough, Boy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75000:25:9
# text = Just before reaching the camp the horse carried him under a dead tree, and the Boy, raising his arms, seized one of the branches with both hands in the hope of checking the horse’s mad career; but the rotten bough broke in his grasp, and the horse continued its gallop right into the camp, with the Boy holding in his hands a huge branch of the tree.
1	Just	just	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
3	reaching	reach	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	advcl	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	camp	camp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	carried	carry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	_
10	under	under	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	dead	dead	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	Boy	Boy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
19	raising	raise	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	advcl	_	_
20	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	21	nmod:poss	_	_
21	arms	arm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
23	seized	seize	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
24	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	23	obj	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	branches	branch	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	nmod	_	_
28	with	with	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	both	both	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	30	det	_	_
30	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	obl	_	_
31	in	in	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	hope	hope	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	_
34	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	35	mark	_	_
35	checking	check	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	33	acl	_	_
36	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
37	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	’s	's	PART	POS	_	37	case	_	_
39	mad	mad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	40	amod	_	_
40	career	career	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	46	punct	_	_
42	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	46	cc	_	_
43	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	45	det	_	_
44	rotten	rotten	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	45	amod	_	_
45	bough	bough	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	46	nsubj	_	_
46	broke	break	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
47	in	in	ADP	IN	_	49	case	_	_
48	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	49	nmod:poss	_	_
49	grasp	grasp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	46	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
50	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	54	punct	_	_
51	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	54	cc	_	_
52	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	53	det	_	_
53	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	54	nsubj	_	_
54	continued	continue	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	parataxis	_	_
55	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	56	nmod:poss	_	_
56	gallop	gallop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	54	obj	_	_
57	right	right	ADV	RB	_	60	advmod	_	_
58	into	into	ADP	IN	_	60	case	_	_
59	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	60	det	_	_
60	camp	camp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	54	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
61	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	65	punct	_	_
62	with	with	SCONJ	IN	_	65	mark	_	_
63	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	64	det	_	_
64	Boy	Boy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	65	nsubj	_	_
65	holding	hold	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	54	advcl	_	_
66	in	in	ADP	IN	_	68	case	_	_
67	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	68	nmod:poss	_	_
68	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	65	obl	_	_
69	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	71	det	_	_
70	huge	huge	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	71	amod	_	_
71	branch	branch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	65	obj	_	_
72	of	of	ADP	IN	_	74	case	_	_
73	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	74	det	_	_
74	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	71	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
75	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reach** | gerund | the horse *not said here* | the camp |  |  |  |  | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent camp=Theme |
| 2 | **carry** | past | the horse | Boy |  | a dead tree |  | the Boy *obl* | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme |
| 3 | **raise** | gerund | the horse *not said here* | Boy's arms |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent arm=Theme |
| 4 | **seize** | past | the horse *not said here* | one of the branches |  | the hope |  | with both hands | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Theme |
| 5 | **check** | gerund | the hope *not said here* | the horse's mad career |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent career=Theme |
| 6 | **break** | past | the rotten bough |  |  | Boy's grasp |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in grasp=Location |
| 7 | **continue** | past | the horse | horse's gallop |  | the camp |  |  | tree rules |
| 8 | **hold** | gerund | the Boy | a huge branch of the tree |  | Boy's hands |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent branch=Theme in hand=Location |
| 9 | **grasp** |  | Boy |  |  |  |  |  | nom grasp «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |
| 10 | **gallop** |  | horse |  |  |  |  |  | nom gallop «act transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Folk tales from Tibet» by William Frederick Travers, Sir O'Connor, Project Gutenberg book 75000 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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