---
title: Soon afterwards he came across an ancient Elephant wandering by itse… — Folk tales from Tibet · tree and pragmatics
description: Soon afterwards he came across an ancient Elephant wandering by itself on the outskirts of the forest, and feeding with its trunk on the grasses and foliage which it loves. Who acts: Bullock, ancient Elephant, foliage. A sentence of «Folk tales from Tibet» by William Frederick Travers, Sir O'Connor,
---

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# Folk tales from Tibet, The Story of the Tiger and the Man., sentence 34

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Soon afterwards he came across an ancient Elephant wandering by itself on the outskirts of the forest, and feeding with its trunk on the grasses and foliage which it loves.

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**Who acts:** Bullock, ancient Elephant, foliage · **What happens:** come, wonder, feed, love · **To what, where:** grasses

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This is a sentence of «Folk tales from Tibet» by William Frederick Travers, Sir O'Connor, The Story of the Tiger and the Man.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Bullock, ancient Elephant, foliage), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75000:3:34
# text = Soon afterwards he came across an ancient Elephant wandering by itself on the outskirts of the forest, and feeding with its trunk on the grasses and foliage which it loves.
1	Soon	soon	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	2	advmod	_	_
2	afterwards	afterwards	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
3	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	across	across	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	Elephant	elephant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
9	wandering	wonder	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	acl	_	_
10	by	by	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	itself	itself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	9	obl	_	_
12	on	on	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	outskirts	outskirt	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	feeding	feed	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
21	with	with	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	23	nmod:poss	_	_
23	trunk	trunk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	_
24	on	on	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	grasses	grass	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	obl	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
28	foliage	foliage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	conj	_	_
29	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	31	obj	_	_
30	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	31	nsubj	_	_
31	loves	love	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	26	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | Bullock |  |  |  |  | across a ancient Elephant; afterwards *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme across elephant=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **wonder** *speech: ask* | gerund | a ancient Elephant *not said here* |  |  |  |  | by Elephant; on the outskirts of the forest | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent on outskirt=Topic |
| 3 | **feed** | gerund | Bullock *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with forest's trunk; on the grasses and foliage | vn gorge-39.6 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Agent on grass=Patient |
| 4 | **love** | present | foliage | the grasses and foliage |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer which=Stimulus |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Folk tales from Tibet» by William Frederick Travers, Sir O'Connor, Project Gutenberg book 75000 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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