---
title: And so saying the Wolf crouched down ready to spring upon the Kyang… — Folk tales from Tibet · tree and pragmatics
description: And so saying the Wolf crouched down ready to spring upon the Kyang and kill him. Who acts: Wolf. A sentence of «Folk tales from Tibet» by William Frederick Travers, Sir O'Connor, The Kyang, the Fox, the Wolf and the Hare., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Folk tales from Tibet, The Kyang, the Fox, the Wolf and the Hare., sentence 30

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And so saying the Wolf crouched down ready to spring upon the Kyang and kill him.

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**Who acts:** Wolf · **What happens:** say, crouch down, spring, kill · **To what, where:** Kyang, Wolf · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Folk tales from Tibet» by William Frederick Travers, Sir O'Connor, The Kyang, the Fox, the Wolf and the Hare.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Wolf), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75000:8:30
# text = And so saying the Wolf crouched down ready to spring upon the Kyang and kill him.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
2	so	so	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
3	saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	punct	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Wolf	Wolf	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	crouched	crouch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	down	down	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
8	ready	ready	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	spring	spring	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	xcomp	_	_
11	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	Kyang	Kyang	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	kill	kill	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	conj	_	_
16	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **crouch down** | past | the Wolf |  |  |  |  | down, ready *property* | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **spring** | to-infinitive | the Wolf *not said here* |  |  | the Kyang |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon kyang=Trajectory |
| 4 | **kill** | infinitive | the Wolf *not said here* | Wolf |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Folk tales from Tibet» by William Frederick Travers, Sir O'Connor, Project Gutenberg book 75000 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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