---
title: The first massacres in the country brought refugees to Peking, to wh… — Gleanings from Chinese folklore · tree and pragmatics
description: The first massacres in the country brought refugees to Peking, to whom she ministered day and night. Who acts: first massacres, sorrow. A sentence of «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, Opening, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Gleanings from Chinese folklore, Opening, sentence 24

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The first massacres in the country brought refugees to Peking, to whom she ministered day and night.

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**Who acts:** first massacres, sorrow · **What happens:** bring, minister · **To what, where:** refugees, Peking

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This is a sentence of «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (first massacres, sorrow), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75089:1:24
# text = The first massacres in the country brought refugees to Peking, to whom she ministered day and night.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	3	amod	_	_
3	massacres	massacre	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	brought	bring	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	refugees	refugee	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Peking	Peking	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	to	to	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	whom	whom	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	7	parataxis	_	_
14	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
15	ministered	minister	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	acl:relcl	_	_
16	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bring** | past | the first massacres in the country | refugees | Peking |  |  | whom *parataxis* | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent refugee=Theme to peking=Destination |
| 2 | **minister** | past | sorrow |  |  |  | day |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, Project Gutenberg book 75089 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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