---
title: “Because,” was the answer, “this stone is the most perfect jade unde… — Gleanings from Chinese folklore · tree and pragmatics
description: “Because,” was the answer, “this stone is the most perfect jade under Heaven. Who acts: stone. A sentence of «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, The Jade Treasure, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Gleanings from Chinese folklore, The Jade Treasure, sentence 22

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“Because,” was the answer, “this stone is the most perfect jade under Heaven.

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**Who acts:** stone · **What happens:** be · **To what, where:** answer, perfect jade, Heaven · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, The Jade Treasure. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (stone), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75089:11:22
# text = “Because,” was the answer, “this stone is the most perfect jade under Heaven.
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	answer	answer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
9	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	11	det	_	_
11	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
12	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
14	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	15	advmod	_	_
15	perfect	perfect	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	jade	jade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
17	under	under	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	Heaven	Heaven	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** *speech: assert* | past |  | the answer |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | this stone | the perfect jade |  | Heaven |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, Project Gutenberg book 75089 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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