---
title: At last, when the Chou dynasty was going into a decline and the Chin… — Gleanings from Chinese folklore · tree and pragmatics
description: At last, when the Chou dynasty was going into a decline and the Chin was coming into power, the Prince of Chin sent to the Prince of Chou and promised him twelve cities in exchange for the jade treasure. Who acts: Chou dynasty, Chin. A sentence of «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Ru
---

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# Gleanings from Chinese folklore, The Jade Treasure, sentence 30

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At last, when the Chou dynasty was going into a decline and the Chin was coming into power, the Prince of Chin sent to the Prince of Chou and promised him twelve cities in exchange for the jade treasure.

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**Who acts:** Chou dynasty, Chin · **What happens:** go, come, send, promise · **To what, where:** decline, power, Prince, last, twelve cities, Chin

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This is a sentence of «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, The Jade Treasure. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Chou dynasty, Chin), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75089:11:30
# text = At last, when the Chou dynasty was going into a decline and the Chin was coming into power, the Prince of Chin sent to the Prince of Chou and promised him twelve cities in exchange for the jade treasure.
1	At	at	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
4	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	9	advmod	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	Chou	Chou	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	dynasty	dynasty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
8	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	going	go	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	parataxis	_	_
10	into	into	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	decline	decline	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	Chin	Chin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
16	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
17	coming	come	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	conj	_	_
18	into	into	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	power	power	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	Prince	Prince	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	appos	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	Chin	Chin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	_
25	sent	send	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
26	to	to	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	Prince	Prince	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	_
29	of	of	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	Chou	Chou	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	nmod	_	_
31	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
32	promised	promise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	25	conj	_	_
33	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	32	iobj	_	_
34	twelve	twelve	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	35	nummod	_	_
35	cities	city	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	32	obj	_	_
36	in	in	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
37	exchange	exchange	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	obl	_	_
38	for	for	ADP	IN	_	41	case	_	_
39	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	41	det	_	_
40	jade	jade	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	41	amod	_	_
41	treasure	treasure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	25	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past · progressive | the Chou dynasty |  |  | a decline |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme into decline=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **come** | past · progressive | the Chin |  |  | power |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme into power=Initial\_Location |
| 3 | **send** | past |  |  | the Prince of Chou | last |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent to prince=Destination |
| 4 | **promise** *speech: promise* | past |  | twelve cities | Chin | exchange for the jade treasure |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.goal NP»: agent=Agent he=Goal city=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, Project Gutenberg book 75089 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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