---
title: Only those who held the outposts can know what bravery it required d… — Gleanings from Chinese folklore · tree and pragmatics
description: Only those who held the outposts can know what bravery it required during some of those awful night attacks. Who acts: outposts, bravery. A sentence of «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, Chinese Heroism, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Gleanings from Chinese folklore, Chinese Heroism, sentence 5

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Only those who held the outposts can know what bravery it required during some of those awful night attacks.

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**Who acts:** outposts, bravery · **What happens:** hold, know, require · **To what, where:** those, some · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, Chinese Heroism. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (outposts, bravery), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75089:12:5
# text = Only those who held the outposts can know what bravery it required during some of those awful night attacks.
1	Only	only	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	those	that	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	4	obl	_	_
3	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
4	held	hold	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	outposts	outpost	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
7	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	know	know	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	ccomp	_	_
9	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	12	obj	_	_
10	bravery	bravery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	required	require	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	ccomp	_	_
13	during	during	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	12	obj	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
16	those	that	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	19	det	_	_
17	awful	awful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
18	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	_
19	attacks	attack	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold** | past |  | those |  |  |  | who *nsubj* | vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **know** | can | the outposts |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 3 | **require** | past | bravery | some of that awful night attacks |  |  |  | what *obj* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, Project Gutenberg book 75089 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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