---
title: One year we lost all our crops and in the winter had to send to the… — Gleanings from Chinese folklore · tree and pragmatics
description: One year we lost all our crops and in the winter had to send to the market town, six miles away, for the famine relief grain. Who acts: we. A sentence of «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, Literary Glory, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Gleanings from Chinese folklore, Literary Glory, sentence 38

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One year we lost all our crops and in the winter had to send to the market town, six miles away, for the famine relief grain.

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**Who acts:** we · **What happens:** lose, have, send · **To what, where:** crops, market town

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This is a sentence of «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, Literary Glory. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75089:13:38
# text = One year we lost all our crops and in the winter had to send to the market town, six miles away, for the famine relief grain.
1	One	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl:unmarked	_	_
3	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	lost	lose	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	7	det:predet	_	_
6	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	crops	crop	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
12	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	send	send	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	xcomp	_	_
15	to	to	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	market	market	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	_
18	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
20	six	six	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	21	nummod	_	_
21	miles	mile	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	conj	_	_
22	away	away	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
24	for	for	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
26	famine	famine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	compound	_	_
27	relief	relief	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	compound	_	_
28	grain	grain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lose** | past | we | our crops |  |  | year |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent crop=Eventuality |
| 2 | **have** | past | we *not said here* |  |  |  | winter |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **send** | to-infinitive | we *not said here* |  |  | the market town and six miles |  | for the relief grain; away *property* | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent to town=Destination |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, Project Gutenberg book 75089 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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