---
title: On the road to India they had to pass seventy-two caves, where demon… — Gleanings from Chinese folklore · tree and pragmatics
description: On the road to India they had to pass seventy-two caves, where demons lived, who were ever on the watch for travellers. Who acts: arrangements, demons. A sentence of «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, T’ang Sung’s Journey to Get the Buddhist Classics, with its dependency tree
---

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# Gleanings from Chinese folklore, T’ang Sung’s Journey to Get the Buddhist Classics, sentence 19

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On the road to India they had to pass seventy-two caves, where demons lived, who were ever on the watch for travellers.

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**Who acts:** arrangements, demons · **What happens:** have, pass, live, be · **To what, where:** road, seventy caves, watch

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This is a sentence of «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, T’ang Sung’s Journey to Get the Buddhist Classics. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (arrangements, demons), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75089:16:19
# text = On the road to India they had to pass seventy-two caves, where demons lived, who were ever on the watch for travellers.
1	On	on	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	India	India	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	pass	pass	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	_
10	seventy	seventy	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	13	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	conj	_	_
13	caves	cave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	17	advmod	_	_
16	demons	demon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nsubj	_	_
17	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
19	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	24	nsubj	_	_
20	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	24	cop	_	_
21	ever	ever	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	24	advmod	_	_
22	on	on	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	watch	watch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
25	for	for	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	travellers	traveller	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | arrangements *= arrangement* |  |  | the road to India |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **pass** | to-infinitive | arrangements *= arrangement* *not said here* | seventy caves |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme cave=Trajectory |
| 3 | **live** | past | demons |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **is** | past |  |  |  | the watch | ever | for travellers; who *nsubj* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, Project Gutenberg book 75089 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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