---
title: The Emperor punished the family by changing their name to Kao and th… — Gleanings from Chinese folklore · tree and pragmatics
description: The Emperor punished the family by changing their name to Kao and this son was called Kao Ching Chi. Who acts: Emperor, hands. A sentence of «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, A Story of Old China, part 1, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Gleanings from Chinese folklore, A Story of Old China, part 1, sentence 20

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The Emperor punished the family by changing their name to Kao and this son was called Kao Ching Chi.

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**Who acts:** Emperor, hands · **What happens:** punish, change, call, name · **To what, where:** family, name, Kao, son · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, A Story of Old China, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Emperor, hands), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75089:17:20
# text = The Emperor punished the family by changing their name to Kao and this son was called Kao Ching Chi.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Emperor	Emperor	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	punished	punish	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	changing	change	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
8	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	Kao	Kao	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
13	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	14	det	_	_
14	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj:pass	_	_
15	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux:pass	_	_
16	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
17	Kao	Kao	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	xcomp	_	_
18	Ching	Ching	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	flat	_	_
19	Chi	Chi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **punish** | past | the Emperor | the family |  |  |  |  | vn prosecute-33.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent family=Patient |
| 2 | **change** | gerund | the Emperor *not said here* | hands's name | Kao |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent name=Patient |
| 3 | **call** | past · passive |  | this son |  |  |  | Kao *xcomp* | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |
| 4 | **name** |  | hands *= hand* |  |  |  |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, Project Gutenberg book 75089 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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