---
title: With breaking heart and bitter, sad tears she gave her consent, and… — Gleanings from Chinese folklore · tree and pragmatics
description: With breaking heart and bitter, sad tears she gave her consent, and pawned almost everything she had to give him money to use on the journey. Who acts: mother. A sentence of «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, A Story of Old China, part 2, with its dependency tree and the prag
---

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# Gleanings from Chinese folklore, A Story of Old China, part 2, sentence 54

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With breaking heart and bitter, sad tears she gave her consent, and pawned almost everything she had to give him money to use on the journey.

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**Who acts:** mother · **What happens:** break, give, pawn, have, use, consent · **To what, where:** consent, everything, money, heart, journey

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This is a sentence of «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, A Story of Old China, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (mother), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75089:18:54
# text = With breaking heart and bitter, sad tears she gave her consent, and pawned almost everything she had to give him money to use on the journey.
1	With	with	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	breaking	break	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	amod	_	_
3	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
5	bitter	bitter	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	sad	sad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	tears	tear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	_
9	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	consent	consent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	pawned	pawn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	_
16	almost	almost	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
17	everything	everything	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	15	obj	_	_
18	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
19	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	acl:relcl	_	_
20	to	to	PART	TO	_	21	mark	_	_
21	give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	19	xcomp	_	_
22	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	iobj	_	_
23	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	_
24	to	to	PART	TO	_	25	mark	_	_
25	use	use	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	23	acl	_	_
26	on	on	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	journey	journey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **break** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **give** | past | mother | mother's consent |  |  |  | with breaking heart and bitter sad tears | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent consent=Theme |
| 3 | **pawn** | past | mother *not said here* | everything |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent everything=Theme |
| 4 | **have** | past | mother |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **give** | to-infinitive | mother *not said here* | money | heart |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent he=Recipient money=Theme |
| 6 | **use** | to-infinitive | mother *not said here* | money *not said here* |  | the journey |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 7 | **consent** |  | mother |  |  |  |  |  | nom consent «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, Project Gutenberg book 75089 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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