---
title: Tu Ching Ling told of his wife, how he had lied about her, of her vi… — Gleanings from Chinese folklore · tree and pragmatics
description: Tu Ching Ling told of his wife, how he had lied about her, of her virtue, and all the sad, miserable story, including his fear to own his son, and sending him off. Who acts: Tu. A sentence of «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, A Story of Old China, part 3, with its dependency
---

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# Gleanings from Chinese folklore, A Story of Old China, part 3, sentence 111

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Tu Ching Ling told of his wife, how he had lied about her, of her virtue, and all the sad, miserable story, including his fear to own his son, and sending him off.

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**Who acts:** Tu · **What happens:** tell, lie, own, send off, fear · **To what, where:** son · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, A Story of Old China, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Tu), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75089:19:111
# text = Tu Ching Ling told of his wife, how he had lied about her, of her virtue, and all the sad, miserable story, including his fear to own his son, and sending him off.
1	Tu	Tu	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	Ching	Ching	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	Ling	Ling	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
4	told	tell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	wife	wife	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	12	advmod	_	_
10	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
11	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
12	lied	lie	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	parataxis	_	_
13	about	about	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	virtue	virtue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
21	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	26	det:predet	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
23	sad	sad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
25	miserable	miserable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
28	including	including	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	30	nmod:poss	_	_
30	fear	fear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	conj	_	_
31	to	to	PART	TO	_	32	mark	_	_
32	own	own	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	30	acl	_	_
33	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	34	nmod:poss	_	_
34	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
36	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	37	cc	_	_
37	sending	send	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	ccomp	_	_
38	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	37	obj	_	_
39	off	off	ADP	RP	_	37	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past | Tu |  |  |  |  | of Tu's wife; all sad miserable story and Tu's fear *parataxis* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **lie** | past · perfect | Tu |  |  |  |  | about wife; wife's virtue *conj* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent about she=Location |
| 3 | **own** | to-infinitive | Tu *not said here* | Tu's son |  |  |  |  | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot son=Theme |
| 4 | **send off** | gerund |  | Son |  |  |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme |
| 5 | **fear** |  | Tu |  |  |  |  |  | nom fear «feeling transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, Project Gutenberg book 75089 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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