---
title: Hu Yüch Ying wrote a beautiful letter of invitation to her, telling… — Gleanings from Chinese folklore · tree and pragmatics
description: Hu Yüch Ying wrote a beautiful letter of invitation to her, telling of the home that awaited her, of herself, the little sister who would care for her, of two sons instead of one, who longed for her instruction and help. Who acts: Hu, home, little sister, two sons. A sentence of «Gleanings from Chin
---

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# Gleanings from Chinese folklore, A Story of Old China, part 3, sentence 129

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Hu Yüch Ying wrote a beautiful letter of invitation to her, telling of the home that awaited her, of herself, the little sister who would care for her, of two sons instead of one, who longed for her instruction and help.

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**Who acts:** Hu, home, little sister, two sons, mother · **What happens:** write, tell, await, care, long, letter · **To what, where:** beautiful letter, mother, little sister, two sons, invitation · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, A Story of Old China, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hu, home, little sister, two sons), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75089:19:129
# text = Hu Yüch Ying wrote a beautiful letter of invitation to her, telling of the home that awaited her, of herself, the little sister who would care for her, of two sons instead of one, who longed for her instruction and help.
1	Hu	Hu	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	Yüch	Yüch	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	Ying	Ying	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
4	wrote	write	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	beautiful	beautiful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	letter	letter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	invitation	invitation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	telling	tell	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	home	home	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
17	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	18	nsubj	_	_
18	awaited	await	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	acl:relcl	_	_
19	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	herself	herself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
25	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	sister	sister	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
27	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	29	nsubj	_	_
28	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	29	aux	_	_
29	care	care	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	26	acl:relcl	_	_
30	for	for	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
31	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	29	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
33	of	of	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
34	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	35	nummod	_	_
35	sons	son	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obj	_	_
36	instead	instead	ADV	RB	ExtPos=ADP	38	case	_	_
37	of	of	ADP	IN	_	36	fixed	_	_
38	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	35	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	41	punct	_	_
40	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	41	nsubj	_	_
41	longed	long	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	35	parataxis	_	_
42	for	for	ADP	IN	_	44	case	_	_
43	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	44	nmod:poss	_	_
44	instruction	instruction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	41	obl	_	_
45	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	46	cc	_	_
46	help	help	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	44	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
47	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | past | Hu | a beautiful letter of invitation | mother |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent letter=Topic to she=Recipient |
| 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | gerund | Hu *not said here* | the little sister | two sons |  |  | of the home; of mother | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent son=Recipient |
| 3 | **await** | past | the home | mother |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **care** | would | the little sister |  |  |  |  | for mother | vn caring-75.2-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent for she=Theme |
| 5 | **long** | past | two sons |  |  |  |  | for mother's instruction and help | vn long-32.2 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Pivot for instruction=Theme |
| 6 | **letter** |  |  | invitation |  |  |  |  | nom letter «communication transitive»: of=patient |
| 7 | **instruct** |  | mother |  |  |  |  |  | nom instruction «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, Project Gutenberg book 75089 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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