---
title: As she raised him up she said, “You have indeed suffered; you are th… — Gleanings from Chinese folklore · tree and pragmatics
description: As she raised him up she said, “You have indeed suffered; you are the best and bravest boy I ever heard of; you shall never leave us.” Who acts: mother, You. A sentence of «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, A Story of Old China, part 3, with its dependency tree and the pragma
---

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# Gleanings from Chinese folklore, A Story of Old China, part 3, sentence 57

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As she raised him up she said, “You have indeed suffered; you are the best and bravest boy I ever heard of; you shall never leave us.”

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**Who acts:** mother, You · **What happens:** raise up, say, suffer, be, hear, not leave · **To what, where:** Ting, bravest boy, us · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, A Story of Old China, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (mother, You), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75089:19:57
# text = As she raised him up she said, “You have indeed suffered; you are the best and bravest boy I ever heard of; you shall never leave us.”
1	As	as	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	raised	raise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	advcl	_	_
4	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	up	up	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
6	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
9	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
11	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
12	indeed	indeed	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
13	suffered	suffer	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	7	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
15	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
16	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	cop	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	best	good	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	7	ccomp	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
20	bravest	brave	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	21	amod	_	_
21	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	_
22	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
23	ever	ever	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	24	advmod	_	_
24	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	acl:relcl	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	30	punct	_	_
27	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	30	nsubj	_	_
28	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	30	aux	_	_
29	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	30	advmod	_	_
30	leave	leave	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	ccomp	_	_
31	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	30	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	30	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	30	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **raise up** | past | mother | Ting |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | mother |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **suffer** *in a quote* | present · perfect | You |  |  |  |  | indeed *property* | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 4 | **is** *in a quote* | present | you |  |  |  |  | bravest boy *conj*; good *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **hear** *in a quote* | past | mother | bravest boy *not said here* |  |  | ever |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer boy=Stimulus |
| 6 | **not** **leave** *in a quote* | shall | you | us |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent we=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, Project Gutenberg book 75089 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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