---
title: There are officials—yes, great ones—who are traitors to the good of… — Gleanings from Chinese folklore · tree and pragmatics
description: There are officials—yes, great ones—who are traitors to the good of their country; these we must put down and give men of ability a chance.” Who acts: officials, great ones, these. A sentence of «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, A Story of Old China, part 4, with its depende
---

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# Gleanings from Chinese folklore, A Story of Old China, part 4, sentence 64

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There are officials—yes, great ones—who are traitors to the good of their country; these we must put down and give men of ability a chance.”

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**Who acts:** officials, great ones, these · **What happens:** be, put down, give · **To what, where:** traitors, chance, men

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This is a sentence of «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, A Story of Old China, part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (officials, great ones, these), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75089:20:64
# text = There are officials—yes, great ones—who are traitors to the good of their country; these we must put down and give men of ability a chance.”
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	are	be	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	officials	official	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	8	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	ones	one	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
11	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
12	traitors	traitor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	appos	_	_
13	to	to	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
20	these	this	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	23	nsubj	_	_
21	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
22	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	23	aux	_	_
23	put	put	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	parataxis	_	_
24	down	down	ADP	RP	_	23	compound:prt	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
26	give	give	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	conj	_	_
27	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	obj	_	_
28	of	of	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	ability	ability	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	nmod	_	_
30	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	chance	chance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **does** | present | officials and great ones |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** | present | great ones | traitors |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **put down** | must | these |  |  |  |  | we *nsubj* | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **give** | present | these *not said here* | a chance | men of ability |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent man=Recipient chance=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, Project Gutenberg book 75089 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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