---
title: The help of young men, who taught the boys carpentry and other kinds… — Gleanings from Chinese folklore · tree and pragmatics
description: The help of young men, who taught the boys carpentry and other kinds of manual work, was secured, and they were encouraged to seek other vocations than those of newspaper venders and boot-blacks. Who acts: young men, carpentry. A sentence of «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell,
---

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# Gleanings from Chinese folklore, Nellie N. Russell, sentence 46

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The help of young men, who taught the boys carpentry and other kinds of manual work, was secured, and they were encouraged to seek other vocations than those of newspaper venders and boot-blacks.

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**Who acts:** young men, carpentry · **What happens:** teach, secure, encourage, seek, help · **To what, where:** boys carpentry, help, carpentry, other vocations, young men

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This is a sentence of «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, Nellie N. Russell. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (young men, carpentry), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75089:3:46
# text = The help of young men, who taught the boys carpentry and other kinds of manual work, was secured, and they were encouraged to seek other vocations than those of newspaper venders and boot-blacks.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	help	help	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	taught	teach	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	boys	boy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	compound	_	_
11	carpentry	carpentry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	kinds	kind	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	manual	manual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
19	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	aux:pass	_	_
20	secured	secure	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
23	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	nsubj	_	_
24	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	25	aux:pass	_	_
25	encouraged	encourage	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	20	parataxis	_	_
26	to	to	PART	TO	_	27	mark	_	_
27	seek	seek	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	25	xcomp	_	_
28	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	amod	_	_
29	vocations	vocation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	obj	_	_
30	than	than	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
31	those	that	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	27	obl	_	_
32	of	of	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
33	newspaper	newspaper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	compound	_	_
34	venders	vender	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	31	nmod	_	_
35	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	38	cc	_	_
36	boot	boot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	38	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	36	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	blacks	black	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	34	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	20	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **teach** *speech: other* | past | young men | the boys carpentry and other kinds of manual work |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent carpentry=Recipient |
| 2 | **secure** | past · passive |  | the help of young men |  |  |  |  | vn ensure-99 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 3 | **encourage** | past · passive |  | carpentry |  |  |  |  | vn advise-37.9 «NP V NP how S\_INF»: subject=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 4 | **seek** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | carpentry *not said here* | other vocations |  |  |  | than those of newspaper venders and boot blacks | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent vocation=Theme |
| 5 | **help** |  |  | young men |  |  |  |  | nom help «act transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, Project Gutenberg book 75089 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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