---
title: These lectures were given sometimes by Chinese, sometimes by Western… — Gleanings from Chinese folklore · tree and pragmatics
description: These lectures were given sometimes by Chinese, sometimes by Westerners, and covered every kind of subject. A sentence of «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, Miss Nellie N. Russell’s Unique Work, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Gleanings from Chinese folklore, Miss Nellie N. Russell’s Unique Work, sentence 37

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These lectures were given sometimes by Chinese, sometimes by Westerners, and covered every kind of subject.

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**What happens:** give, cover · **To what, where:** lectures, Westerners, kind

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This is a sentence of «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, Miss Nellie N. Russell’s Unique Work. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75089:4:37
# text = These lectures were given sometimes by Chinese, sometimes by Westerners, and covered every kind of subject.
1	These	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	lectures	lecture	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	sometimes	sometimes	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	4	advmod	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Chinese	Chinese	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	sometimes	sometimes	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	11	advmod	_	_
10	by	by	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	Westerners	Westerner	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	4	iobj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	covered	cover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
15	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	16	det	_	_
16	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	subject	subject	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past · passive |  | this lectures | Westerners |  |  | by Chinese; sometimes *property* | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: subject=Recipient westerner=Theme |
| 2 | **cover** | participle |  | every kind of subject |  |  |  |  | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme kind=Destination |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, Project Gutenberg book 75089 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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