---
title: It is the sign of independence, and while it leads to mistakes, in t… — Gleanings from Chinese folklore · tree and pragmatics
description: It is the sign of independence, and while it leads to mistakes, in the end it will lead to more vigorous thinking and action. Who acts: life. A sentence of «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, Miss Nellie N. Russell’s Unique Work, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of 
---

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# Gleanings from Chinese folklore, Miss Nellie N. Russell’s Unique Work, sentence 46

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It is the sign of independence, and while it leads to mistakes, in the end it will lead to more vigorous thinking and action.

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**Who acts:** life · **What happens:** be, lead · **To what, where:** sign

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This is a sentence of «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, Miss Nellie N. Russell’s Unique Work. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (life), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75089:4:46
# text = It is the sign of independence, and while it leads to mistakes, in the end it will lead to more vigorous thinking and action.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	sign	sign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	independence	independence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
9	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	leads	lead	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
12	to	to	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	mistakes	mistake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	_
18	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
19	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	20	aux	_	_
20	lead	lead	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	conj	_	_
21	to	to	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
22	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	24	amod	_	_
23	vigorous	vigorous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	thinking	thinking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
26	action	action	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | life | the sign |  |  |  | of independence | tree rules |
| 2 | **lead** | present | life |  |  |  |  | to mistakes | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition to mistake=Patient |
| 3 | **lead** | future | life |  |  |  | in the end | to more vigorous thinking and action | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition in end=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, Project Gutenberg book 75089 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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