---
title: Some of the Chinese are already saying, “When a stone is erected, le… — Gleanings from Chinese folklore · tree and pragmatics
description: Some of the Chinese are already saying, “When a stone is erected, let it have one Chinese word upon it, just her name, then we can find her grave and every spring at the ‘Ch’ing Ming’—feast of all souls—we will go out and honour her memory.” Who acts: Some, stone, we, Chinese. A sentence of «Gleanin
---

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# Gleanings from Chinese folklore, Miss Russell’s Funeral Service, sentence 25

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Some of the Chinese are already saying, “When a stone is erected, let it have one Chinese word upon it, just her name, then we can find her grave and every spring at the ‘Ch’ing Ming’—feast of all souls—we will go out and honour her memory.”

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**Who acts:** Some, stone, we, Chinese · **What happens:** say, erect, let, have, find, go out · **To what, where:** stone, one Chinese word, grave, Ch’ing Ming, memory · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, Miss Russell’s Funeral Service. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Some, stone, we, Chinese), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75089:5:25
# text = Some of the Chinese are already saying, “When a stone is erected, let it have one Chinese word upon it, just her name, then we can find her grave and every spring at the ‘Ch’ing Ming’—feast of all souls—we will go out and honour her memory.”
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	7	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	Chinese	Chinese	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	1	nmod	_	_
5	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
6	already	already	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
9	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	14	advmod	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj:pass	_	_
13	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux:pass	_	_
14	erected	erect	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	16	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
16	let	let	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	7	parataxis	_	_
17	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	obj	_	_
18	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	xcomp	_	_
19	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	21	nummod	_	_
20	Chinese	Chinese	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	_
22	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
25	just	just	ADV	RB	_	27	advmod	_	_
26	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	27	nmod:poss	_	_
27	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
29	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	32	advmod	_	_
30	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	32	nsubj	_	_
31	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	32	aux	_	_
32	find	find	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	parataxis	_	_
33	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	34	nmod:poss	_	_
34	grave	grave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	obj	_	_
35	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	37	cc	_	_
36	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	37	det	_	_
37	spring	spring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	conj	_	_
38	at	at	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
39	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	42	det	_	_
40	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	42	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	Ch’ing	Ch'ing	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	42	compound	_	_
42	Ming	Ming	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	32	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
44	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	45	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
45	feast	feast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	ccomp	_	_
46	of	of	ADP	IN	_	48	case	_	_
47	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	48	det	_	_
48	souls	soul	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	45	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
49	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	52	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
50	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	52	nsubj	_	_
51	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	52	aux	_	_
52	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	45	parataxis	_	_
53	out	out	ADV	RB	_	52	advmod	_	_
54	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	55	cc	_	_
55	honour	honour	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	52	conj	_	_
56	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	57	nmod:poss	_	_
57	memory	memory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	55	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
58	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	45	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
59	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	45	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present · progressive | Some of the Chinese |  |  |  |  | feast of all souls *ccomp* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **erect** *in a quote* | present · passive |  | a stone |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Product |
| 3 | **let** *in a quote* | infinitive |  | stone |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **have** *in a quote* | infinitive | stone *not said here* | one Chinese word and Chinese's name |  |  |  | upon stone | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Patient |
| 5 | **find** *in a quote* | can | we | Chinese's grave and every spring |  | the Ch’ing Ming | then |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.source NP.asset»: agent=Agent grave=Theme at ming=Asset |
| 6 | **go out** *in a quote* | future | we |  |  |  |  | out *property* | vn interact-36.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 7 | **honour** *in a quote* | infinitive | we *not said here* | Chinese's memory |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 8 | **name** *in a quote* |  | Chinese |  |  |  |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, Project Gutenberg book 75089 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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