---
title: She was an only daughter and having no girl companions came to spend… — Gleanings from Chinese folklore · tree and pragmatics
description: She was an only daughter and having no girl companions came to spend most of her time with her brothers. Who acts: girl, girl companions. A sentence of «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, A Tartar Joan of Arc, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Gleanings from Chinese folklore, A Tartar Joan of Arc, sentence 2

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She was an only daughter and having no girl companions came to spend most of her time with her brothers.

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**Who acts:** girl, girl companions · **What happens:** be, have, come, spend · **To what, where:** only daughter, most

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This is a sentence of «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, A Tartar Joan of Arc. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (girl, girl companions), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75089:6:2
# text = She was an only daughter and having no girl companions came to spend most of her time with her brothers.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	only	only	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	daughter	daughter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	having	have	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	conj	_	_
8	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	10	det	_	_
9	girl	girl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	companions	companion	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
11	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	ccomp	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	spend	spend	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	xcomp	_	_
14	most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	13	obj	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
18	with	with	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	20	nmod:poss	_	_
20	brothers	brother	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | girl | a only daughter |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **have** | gerund | girl *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **come** | past | no girl companions |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **spend** | to-infinitive | no girl companions *not said here* | most of girl's time |  |  |  | with girl's brothers | vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent most=Asset |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, Project Gutenberg book 75089 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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