---
title: She knew their mountains, all the paths leading up and down, the pla… — Gleanings from Chinese folklore · tree and pragmatics
description: She knew their mountains, all the paths leading up and down, the places which needed to be guarded, the caves where she and her soldiers could hide and spring out upon an unsuspecting foe. Who acts: Ting, paths, places. A sentence of «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, A Tarta
---

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# Gleanings from Chinese folklore, A Tartar Joan of Arc, sentence 9

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She knew their mountains, all the paths leading up and down, the places which needed to be guarded, the caves where she and her soldiers could hide and spring out upon an unsuspecting foe.

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**Who acts:** Ting, paths, places · **What happens:** know, lead, need, guard, hide, spring out · **To what, where:** mountains, caves, unsuspecting foe

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This is a sentence of «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, A Tartar Joan of Arc. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ting, paths, places), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75089:6:9
# text = She knew their mountains, all the paths leading up and down, the places which needed to be guarded, the caves where she and her soldiers could hide and spring out upon an unsuspecting foe.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	knew	know	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	mountains	mountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	8	det:predet	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	paths	path	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
9	leading	lead	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	acl	_	_
10	up	up	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	down	down	ADV	RB	_	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	places	place	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
16	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	17	nsubj	_	_
17	needed	need	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	acl:relcl	_	_
18	to	to	PART	TO	_	20	mark	_	_
19	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	aux:pass	_	_
20	guarded	guard	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	17	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	caves	cave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	obl	_	_
24	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	30	advmod	_	_
25	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	30	nsubj	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
27	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	28	nmod:poss	_	_
28	soldiers	soldier	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	conj	_	_
29	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	30	aux	_	_
30	hide	hide	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
31	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
32	spring	spring	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	30	conj	_	_
33	out	out	ADP	RP	_	32	compound:prt	_	_
34	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
35	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
36	unsuspecting	unsuspect	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	37	amod	_	_
37	foe	foe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **know** | past | Ting | men's mountains and all paths and the places |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer mountain=Stimulus |
| 2 | **lead** | gerund | all paths *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition |
| 3 | **need** | past | the places |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 4 | **guard** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive · passive | the places *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V S\_ING» |
| 5 | **hide** | could | Ting | the caves |  |  |  |  | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **spring out** | infinitive | Ting *not said here* |  |  | a unsuspecting foe |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon foe=Trajectory |
| 7 | **unsuspect** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, Project Gutenberg book 75089 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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