---
title: Many of these conversations have been handed down the past two thous… — Gleanings from Chinese folklore · tree and pragmatics
description: Many of these conversations have been handed down the past two thousand years in the wonderful folklore of China, and from these one can see the influence they have had on the customs and traditions of the people. Who acts: conversations. A sentence of «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Nao
---

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# Gleanings from Chinese folklore, The Wild Goose and the Sparrow, sentence 4

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Many of these conversations have been handed down the past two thousand years in the wonderful folklore of China, and from these one can see the influence they have had on the customs and traditions of the people.

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**Who acts:** conversations · **What happens:** hand down, see, have · **To what, where:** Many conversations, wonderful folklore, influence, customs

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This is a sentence of «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, The Wild Goose and the Sparrow. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (conversations), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75089:8:4
# text = Many of these conversations have been handed down the past two thousand years in the wonderful folklore of China, and from these one can see the influence they have had on the customs and traditions of the people.
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	4	det	_	_
4	conversations	conversation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
6	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	handed	hand	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	down	down	ADP	RP	_	7	compound:prt	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
10	past	past	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
11	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	12	compound	_	_
12	thousand	thousand	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	13	nummod	_	_
13	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl:unmarked	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	wonderful	wonderful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	folklore	folklore	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	China	China	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
22	from	from	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	24	det	_	_
24	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obl	_	_
25	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	26	aux	_	_
26	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	conj	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	influence	influence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obj	_	_
29	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	31	nsubj	_	_
30	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	31	aux	_	_
31	had	have	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	28	acl:relcl	_	_
32	on	on	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	customs	custom	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	31	obl	_	_
35	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	36	cc	_	_
36	traditions	tradition	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	34	conj	_	_
37	of	of	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
38	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	39	det	_	_
39	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	36	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hand down** | present · perfect · passive |  | this Many conversations |  | the wonderful folklore of China | year |  | vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **see** | can |  | the influence |  |  |  | from this one | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer influence=Stimulus |
| 3 | **have** | present · perfect | conversations *= conversation* | the influence *not said here* |  | the customs and traditions of the people |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent influence=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, Project Gutenberg book 75089 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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