---
title: One day, while Kung Yeh Chang was resting in his pavilion, a small h… — Gleanings from Chinese folklore · tree and pragmatics
description: One day, while Kung Yeh Chang was resting in his pavilion, a small house-sparrow lit in a tree near-by and commenced singing and chattering. Who acts: Kung. A sentence of «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, The Wild Goose and the Sparrow, with its dependency tree and the pragm
---

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# Gleanings from Chinese folklore, The Wild Goose and the Sparrow, sentence 7

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One day, while Kung Yeh Chang was resting in his pavilion, a small house-sparrow lit in a tree near-by and commenced singing and chattering.

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**Who acts:** Kung · **What happens:** rest, lit, commence, sing, chatter · **To what, where:** One day, pavilion, small house sparrow, tree

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This is a sentence of «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, The Wild Goose and the Sparrow. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Kung), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75089:8:7
# text = One day, while Kung Yeh Chang was resting in his pavilion, a small house-sparrow lit in a tree near-by and commenced singing and chattering.
1	One	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
4	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
5	Kung	Kung	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
6	Yeh	Yeh	PROPN	NNP	_	5	flat	_	_
7	Chang	Chang	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	flat	_	_
8	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	resting	rest	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	acl:relcl	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	pavilion	pavilion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
15	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
16	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	sparrow	sparrow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	appos	_	_
19	lit	lit	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	18	acl	_	_
20	in	in	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	_
23	near	near	ADP	IN	_	19	obl:agent	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	by	by	ADP	IN	_	23	fixed	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
27	commenced	commence	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	_
28	singing	sing	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	27	advcl	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
30	chattering	chatter	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	28	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rest** | past · progressive | Kung | One day *not said here* |  | Kung's pavilion |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V NP.theme PP»: agent=Agent day=Theme in pavilion=Location |
| 2 | **lit** | participle |  | a small house sparrow *not said here* |  | a tree |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **commence** | past | Kung *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 4 | **sing** *speech: express* | gerund | Kung *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **chatter** | gerund | Kung *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, Project Gutenberg book 75089 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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