---
title: One time, when engaged in war with the Kingdom of Chao, he drove the… — Gleanings from Chinese folklore · tree and pragmatics
description: One time, when engaged in war with the Kingdom of Chao, he drove the enemy to the bank of a river, but they got over in their own boats and destroyed them on the other side. Who acts: Han, kingdoms. A sentence of «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, A Chinese Hero, with its dep
---

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# Gleanings from Chinese folklore, A Chinese Hero, sentence 57

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One time, when engaged in war with the Kingdom of Chao, he drove the enemy to the bank of a river, but they got over in their own boats and destroyed them on the other side.

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**Who acts:** Han, kingdoms · **What happens:** engage, drive, get over, destroy · **To what, where:** war, enemy, bank, own boats, kingdoms, other side

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This is a sentence of «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, A Chinese Hero. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Han, kingdoms), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75089:9:57
# text = One time, when engaged in war with the Kingdom of Chao, he drove the enemy to the bank of a river, but they got over in their own boats and destroyed them on the other side.
1	One	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	advmod	_	_
5	engaged	engage	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl:relcl	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	Kingdom	Kingdom	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	Chao	Chao	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
14	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
15	drove	drive	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	enemy	enemy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
18	to	to	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	bank	bank	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
25	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
26	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	nsubj	_	_
27	got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	parataxis	_	_
28	over	over	ADV	RB	_	27	advmod	_	_
29	in	in	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
30	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	32	nmod:poss	_	_
31	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	amod	_	_
32	boats	boat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	obl	_	_
33	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
34	destroyed	destroy	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	27	conj	_	_
35	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	34	obj	_	_
36	on	on	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
37	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	39	det	_	_
38	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	39	amod	_	_
39	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **engage** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | in war with the Kingdom of Chao *goal* | vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent in war=Goal |
| 2 | **drive** | past | Han | the enemy |  | the bank of a river | time |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent enemy=Theme to bank=Trajectory |
| 3 | **get over** | past | kingdoms *= kingdom* |  |  | kingdoms's own boats |  | over *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |
| 4 | **destroy** | past | kingdoms *= kingdom* *not said here* | kingdoms *= kingdom* |  | the other side |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, Project Gutenberg book 75089 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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