---
title: Han Hsin sent out his spies, disguised as countrymen, and learned th… — Gleanings from Chinese folklore · tree and pragmatics
description: Han Hsin sent out his spies, disguised as countrymen, and learned the condition of things. Who acts: Han. A sentence of «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, A Chinese Hero, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Gleanings from Chinese folklore, A Chinese Hero, sentence 68

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Han Hsin sent out his spies, disguised as countrymen, and learned the condition of things.

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**Who acts:** Han · **What happens:** send out, disguise, learn, condition · **To what, where:** spies, condition, things

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This is a sentence of «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, A Chinese Hero. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Han), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75089:9:68
# text = Han Hsin sent out his spies, disguised as countrymen, and learned the condition of things.
1	Han	Han	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	Hsin	Hsin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	sent	send	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	out	out	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	spies	spy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	disguised	disguise	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
9	as	as	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	countrymen	countryman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	learned	learn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	condition	condition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **send out** | past | Han | Han's spies |  |  |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spy=Theme |
| 2 | **disguise** | participle |  | Han's spies *not said here* |  |  |  | as countrymen | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **learn** | past | Han *not said here* | the condition of things |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent condition=Topic |
| 4 | **condition** |  |  | things |  |  |  |  | nom condition «state transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, Project Gutenberg book 75089 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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