---
title: Now Han Hsin had a friend and helper in Chang Lang, a literary man w… — Gleanings from Chinese folklore · tree and pragmatics
description: Now Han Hsin had a friend and helper in Chang Lang, a literary man who was wise and safe to trust, and who often helped him in his plans. Who acts: Han, literary man. A sentence of «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, A Chinese Hero, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics 
---

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# Gleanings from Chinese folklore, A Chinese Hero, sentence 75

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Now Han Hsin had a friend and helper in Chang Lang, a literary man who was wise and safe to trust, and who often helped him in his plans.

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**Who acts:** Han, literary man · **What happens:** have, be, trust, help, plan · **To what, where:** friend, Chang, Han, plans

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This is a sentence of «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, A Chinese Hero. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Han, literary man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75089:9:75
# text = Now Han Hsin had a friend and helper in Chang Lang, a literary man who was wise and safe to trust, and who often helped him in his plans.
1	Now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	4	advmod	_	_
2	Han	Han	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	Hsin	Hsin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	_
4	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	helper	helper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Chang	Chang	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
11	Lang	Lang	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	literary	literary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	appos	_	_
16	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	18	nsubj	_	_
17	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	cop	_	_
18	wise	wise	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	acl:relcl	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	safe	safe	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	conj	_	_
21	to	to	PART	TO	_	22	mark	_	_
22	trust	trust	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
25	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	27	nsubj	_	_
26	often	often	ADV	RB	_	27	advmod	_	_
27	helped	help	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
28	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	obj	_	_
29	in	in	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	31	nmod:poss	_	_
31	plans	plan	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | Han | a friend and helper |  | Chang | now |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent friend=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | past | a literary man |  |  |  |  | wise *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **be** |  | a literary man *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **trust** | to-infinitive | a literary man *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **help** | past |  |  | Han | Han's plans |  | who *nsubj*; often *property* | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Beneficiary |
| 6 | **plan** |  | Han |  |  |  |  |  | nom plan «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, Project Gutenberg book 75089 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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