---
title: When Chin Pa came over the river and saw the stone with the four lar… — Gleanings from Chinese folklore · tree and pragmatics
description: When Chin Pa came over the river and saw the stone with the four large characters he said, “Woe is me, even the worms and ants know that Heaven has deserted me. Who acts: Chin, Woe, worms, Heaven. A sentence of «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, A Chinese Hero, with its depen
---

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# Gleanings from Chinese folklore, A Chinese Hero, sentence 97

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When Chin Pa came over the river and saw the stone with the four large characters he said, “Woe is me, even the worms and ants know that Heaven has deserted me.

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**Who acts:** Chin, Woe, worms, Heaven · **What happens:** come, see, say, be, know, desert · **To what, where:** river, stone, Chin · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, A Chinese Hero. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Chin, Woe, worms, Heaven), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75089:9:97
# text = When Chin Pa came over the river and saw the stone with the four large characters he said, “Woe is me, even the worms and ants know that Heaven has deserted me.
1	When	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	4	mark	_	_
2	Chin	Chin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	Pa	Pa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	_
4	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	advcl	_	_
5	over	over	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	with	with	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
14	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	16	nummod	_	_
15	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	characters	character	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obl	_	_
17	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
18	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
20	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	Woe	woe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nsubj	_	_
22	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	cop	_	_
23	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	18	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
25	even	even	ADV	RB	_	27	advmod	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	worms	worm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	nsubj	_	_
28	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
29	ants	ant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	conj	_	_
30	know	know	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	ccomp	_	_
31	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	34	mark	_	_
32	Heaven	Heaven	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	34	nsubj	_	_
33	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	34	aux	_	_
34	deserted	desert	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	30	ccomp	_	_
35	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	34	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | Chin |  |  | the river |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme over river=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **see** | past |  | the stone |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer stone=Stimulus |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Chin |  |  |  |  | with the four large characters | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 4 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | Woe | Chin |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **know** *in a quote* | present | the worms and ants |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 6 | **desert** *in a quote* | present · perfect | Heaven | Chin |  |  |  |  | vn leave-51.2-1 «NP V NP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme i=Source |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, Project Gutenberg book 75089 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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